2 # ABSTRACT: Encrypted database to store secret text and files
8 use Crypt
::Digest
qw(digest_data);
9 use Crypt
::PRNG
qw(random_bytes);
10 use Devel
::GlobalDestruction
;
11 use File
::KDBX
::Constants
qw(:all :icon);
12 use File
::KDBX
::Error
;
14 use File
::KDBX
::Util
qw(:class :coercion :empty :search :uuid erase simple_expression_query snakify);
15 use Hash
::Util
::FieldHash
qw(fieldhashes);
16 use List
::Util
qw(any first);
17 use Ref
::Util
qw(is_ref is_arrayref is_plain_hashref);
18 use Scalar
::Util
qw(blessed);
23 our $VERSION = '999.999'; # VERSION
26 fieldhashes \
my (%SAFE, %KEYS);
30 $kdbx = File
::KDBX-
>new(%attributes);
31 $kdbx = File
::KDBX-
>new($kdbx); # copy constructor
33 Construct a new L
<File
::KDBX
>.
41 return $_[0]->clone if @_ == 1 && blessed
$_[0] && $_[0]->isa($class);
43 my $self = bless {}, $class;
45 $self->_set_nonlazy_attributes if empty
$self;
49 sub DESTROY
{ local ($., $@, $!, $^E, $?); !in_global_destruction
and $_[0]->reset }
53 $kdbx = $kdbx->init(%attributes);
55 Initialize a L
<File
::KDBX
> with a set of attributes
. Returns itself to allow
method chaining
.
57 This
is called by L
</new
>.
65 @$self{keys %args} = values %args;
74 Set a L
<File
::KDBX
> to an empty
state, ready to load a KDBX file
or build a new one
. Returns itself to allow
81 erase
$self->headers->{+HEADER_INNER_RANDOM_STREAM_KEY
};
82 erase
$self->inner_headers->{+INNER_HEADER_INNER_RANDOM_STREAM_KEY
};
91 $kdbx_copy = $kdbx->clone;
92 $kdbx_copy = File
::KDBX-
>new($kdbx);
94 Clone a L
<File
::KDBX
>. The clone will be an exact copy
and completely independent of the original
.
101 return Storable
::dclone
($self);
104 sub STORABLE_freeze
{
110 return '', $copy, $KEYS{$self} // (), $SAFE{$self} // ();
121 @$self{keys %$clone} = values %$clone;
123 $SAFE{$self} = $safe;
125 # Dualvars aren't cloned as dualvars, so coerce the compression flags.
126 $self->compression_flags($self->compression_flags);
128 $self->objects(history
=> 1)->each(sub { $_->kdbx($self) });
131 ##############################################################################
141 $kdbx = KDBX
::File-
>load(\
$string, $key);
142 $kdbx = KDBX
::File-
>load(*IO
, $key);
143 $kdbx = KDBX
::File-
>load($filepath, $key);
144 $kdbx->load(...); # also instance method
146 $kdbx = File
::KDBX-
>load_string($string, $key);
147 $kdbx = File
::KDBX-
>load_string(\
$string, $key);
148 $kdbx->load_string(...); # also instance method
150 $kdbx = File
::KDBX-
>load_file($filepath, $key);
151 $kdbx->load_file(...); # also instance method
153 $kdbx = File
::KDBX-
>load_handle($fh, $key);
154 $kdbx = File
::KDBX-
>load_handle(*IO
, $key);
155 $kdbx->load_handle(...); # also instance method
157 Load a KDBX file from a string buffer
, IO handle
or file from a filesystem
.
159 L
<File
::KDBX
::Loader
> does the heavy lifting
.
163 sub load
{ shift-
>_loader->load(@_) }
164 sub load_string
{ shift-
>_loader->load_string(@_) }
165 sub load_file
{ shift-
>_loader->load_file(@_) }
166 sub load_handle
{ shift-
>_loader->load_handle(@_) }
170 $self = $self->new if !ref $self;
171 require File
::KDBX
::Loader
;
172 File
::KDBX
::Loader-
>new(kdbx
=> $self);
183 $kdbx->dump(\
$string, $key);
184 $kdbx->dump(*IO
, $key);
185 $kdbx->dump($filepath, $key);
187 $kdbx->dump_string(\
$string, $key);
188 \
$string = $kdbx->dump_string($key);
190 $kdbx->dump_file($filepath, $key);
192 $kdbx->dump_handle($fh, $key);
193 $kdbx->dump_handle(*IO
, $key);
195 Dump a KDBX file to a string buffer
, IO handle
or file
in a filesystem
.
197 L
<File
::KDBX
::Dumper
> does the heavy lifting
.
201 sub dump { shift-
>_dumper->dump(@_) }
202 sub dump_string
{ shift-
>_dumper->dump_string(@_) }
203 sub dump_file
{ shift-
>_dumper->dump_file(@_) }
204 sub dump_handle
{ shift-
>_dumper->dump_handle(@_) }
208 $self = $self->new if !ref $self;
209 require File
::KDBX
::Dumper
;
210 File
::KDBX
::Dumper-
>new(kdbx
=> $self);
213 ##############################################################################
215 =method user_agent_string
217 $string = $kdbx->user_agent_string;
219 Get a text string identifying the database client software
.
223 sub user_agent_string
{
225 sprintf('%s/%s (%s/%s; %s/%s; %s)',
226 __PACKAGE__
, $VERSION, @Config::Config
{qw(package version osname osvers archname)});
229 has sig1
=> KDBX_SIG1
, coerce
=> \
&to_number
;
230 has sig2
=> KDBX_SIG2_2
, coerce
=> \
&to_number
;
231 has version
=> KDBX_VERSION_3_1
, coerce
=> \
&to_number
;
233 has inner_headers
=> {};
236 has deleted_objects
=> {};
237 has raw
=> coerce
=> \
&to_string
;
240 has 'headers.comment' => '', coerce
=> \
&to_string
;
241 has 'headers.cipher_id' => CIPHER_UUID_CHACHA20
, coerce
=> \
&to_uuid
;
242 has 'headers.compression_flags' => COMPRESSION_GZIP
, coerce
=> \
&to_compression_constant
;
243 has 'headers.master_seed' => sub { random_bytes
(32) }, coerce
=> \
&to_string
;
244 has 'headers.encryption_iv' => sub { random_bytes
(16) }, coerce
=> \
&to_string
;
245 has 'headers.stream_start_bytes' => sub { random_bytes
(32) }, coerce
=> \
&to_string
;
246 has 'headers.kdf_parameters' => sub {
248 KDF_PARAM_UUID
() => KDF_UUID_AES
,
249 KDF_PARAM_AES_ROUNDS
() => $_[0]->headers->{+HEADER_TRANSFORM_ROUNDS
} // KDF_DEFAULT_AES_ROUNDS
,
250 KDF_PARAM_AES_SEED
() => $_[0]->headers->{+HEADER_TRANSFORM_SEED
} // random_bytes
(32),
253 # has 'headers.transform_seed' => sub { random_bytes(32) };
254 # has 'headers.transform_rounds' => 100_000;
255 # has 'headers.inner_random_stream_key' => sub { random_bytes(32) }; # 64 ?
256 # has 'headers.inner_random_stream_id' => STREAM_ID_CHACHA20;
257 # has 'headers.public_custom_data' => {};
260 has 'meta.generator' => '', coerce
=> \
&to_string
;
261 has 'meta.header_hash' => '', coerce
=> \
&to_string
;
262 has 'meta.database_name' => '', coerce
=> \
&to_string
;
263 has 'meta.database_name_changed' => sub { gmtime }, coerce
=> \
&to_time
;
264 has 'meta.database_description' => '', coerce
=> \
&to_string
;
265 has 'meta.database_description_changed' => sub { gmtime }, coerce
=> \
&to_time
;
266 has 'meta.default_username' => '', coerce
=> \
&to_string
;
267 has 'meta.default_username_changed' => sub { gmtime }, coerce
=> \
&to_time
;
268 has 'meta.maintenance_history_days' => HISTORY_DEFAULT_MAX_AGE
, coerce
=> \
&to_number
;
269 has 'meta.color' => '', coerce
=> \
&to_string
;
270 has 'meta.master_key_changed' => sub { gmtime }, coerce
=> \
&to_time
;
271 has 'meta.master_key_change_rec' => -1, coerce
=> \
&to_number
;
272 has 'meta.master_key_change_force' => -1, coerce
=> \
&to_number
;
273 # has 'meta.memory_protection' => {};
274 has 'meta.custom_icons' => [];
275 has 'meta.recycle_bin_enabled' => true
, coerce
=> \
&to_bool
;
276 has 'meta.recycle_bin_uuid' => UUID_NULL
, coerce
=> \
&to_uuid
;
277 has 'meta.recycle_bin_changed' => sub { gmtime }, coerce
=> \
&to_time
;
278 has 'meta.entry_templates_group' => UUID_NULL
, coerce
=> \
&to_uuid
;
279 has 'meta.entry_templates_group_changed' => sub { gmtime }, coerce
=> \
&to_time
;
280 has 'meta.last_selected_group' => UUID_NULL
, coerce
=> \
&to_uuid
;
281 has 'meta.last_top_visible_group' => UUID_NULL
, coerce
=> \
&to_uuid
;
282 has 'meta.history_max_items' => HISTORY_DEFAULT_MAX_ITEMS
, coerce
=> \
&to_number
;
283 has 'meta.history_max_size' => HISTORY_DEFAULT_MAX_SIZE
, coerce
=> \
&to_number
;
284 has 'meta.settings_changed' => sub { gmtime }, coerce
=> \
&to_time
;
285 # has 'meta.binaries' => {};
286 # has 'meta.custom_data' => {};
288 has 'memory_protection.protect_title' => false
, coerce
=> \
&to_bool
;
289 has 'memory_protection.protect_username' => false
, coerce
=> \
&to_bool
;
290 has 'memory_protection.protect_password' => true
, coerce
=> \
&to_bool
;
291 has 'memory_protection.protect_url' => false
, coerce
=> \
&to_bool
;
292 has 'memory_protection.protect_notes' => false
, coerce
=> \
&to_bool
;
293 # has 'memory_protection.auto_enable_visual_hiding' => false;
296 HEADER_TRANSFORM_SEED
,
297 HEADER_TRANSFORM_ROUNDS
,
298 HEADER_INNER_RANDOM_STREAM_KEY
,
299 HEADER_INNER_RANDOM_STREAM_ID
,
300 HEADER_PUBLIC_CUSTOM_DATA
,
302 sub _set_nonlazy_attributes
{
304 $self->$_ for list_attributes
(ref $self), @ATTRS;
307 =method memory_protection
309 \
%settings = $kdbx->memory_protection
310 $kdbx->memory_protection(\
%settings);
312 $bool = $kdbx->memory_protection($string_key);
313 $kdbx->memory_protection($string_key => $bool);
315 Get
or set memory protection settings
. This globally
(for the whole database
) configures whether
and which of
316 the standard strings should be memory-protected
. The
default setting
is to memory-protect only I
<Password
>
319 Memory protection can be toggled individually
for each entry string
, and individual settings
take precedence
320 over these global settings
.
324 sub memory_protection
{
326 $self->{meta
}{memory_protection
} = shift if @_ == 1 && is_plain_hashref
($_[0]);
327 return $self->{meta
}{memory_protection
} //= {} if !@_;
329 my $string_key = shift;
330 my $key = 'protect_' . lc($string_key);
332 $self->meta->{memory_protection
}{$key} = shift if @_;
333 $self->meta->{memory_protection
}{$key};
336 =method minimum_version
338 $version = $kdbx->minimum_version;
340 Determine the minimum file version required to save a database losslessly
. Using certain databases features
341 might increase this value
. For example
, setting the KDF to Argon2 will increase the minimum version to at
342 least C
<KDBX_VERSION_4_0
> (i
.e
. C
<0x00040000>) because Argon2 was introduced with KDBX4
.
344 This
method never returns less than C
<KDBX_VERSION_3_1
> (i
.e
. C
<0x00030001>). That file version
is so
345 ubiquitous
and well-supported
, there are seldom reasons to
dump in a lesser format nowadays
.
347 B
<WARNING
:> If you
dump a database with a minimum version higher than the current L
</version
>, the dumper will
348 typically issue a warning
and automatically upgrade the database
. This seems like the safest behavior
in order
349 to avoid data loss
, but lower versions have the benefit of being compatible with more software
. It
is possible
350 to prevent auto-upgrades by explicitly telling the dumper which version to
use, but you
do run the risk of
351 data loss
. A database will never be automatically downgraded
.
355 sub minimum_version
{
358 return KDBX_VERSION_4_1
if any
{
359 nonempty
$_->{last_modification_time
}
360 } values %{$self->custom_data};
362 return KDBX_VERSION_4_1
if any
{
363 nonempty
$_->{name
} || nonempty
$_->{last_modification_time
}
364 } @{$self->custom_icons};
366 return KDBX_VERSION_4_1
if $self->groups->next(sub {
367 nonempty
$_->previous_parent_group ||
369 (any
{ nonempty
$_->{last_modification_time
} } values %{$_->custom_data})
372 return KDBX_VERSION_4_1
if $self->entries(history
=> 1)->next(sub {
373 nonempty
$_->previous_parent_group ||
374 (defined $_->quality_check && !$_->quality_check) ||
375 (any
{ nonempty
$_->{last_modification_time
} } values %{$_->custom_data})
378 return KDBX_VERSION_4_0
if $self->kdf->uuid ne KDF_UUID_AES
;
380 return KDBX_VERSION_4_0
if nonempty
$self->public_custom_data;
382 return KDBX_VERSION_4_0
if $self->objects->next(sub {
383 nonempty
$_->custom_data
386 return KDBX_VERSION_3_1
;
389 ##############################################################################
393 $group = $kdbx->root;
396 Get
or set a database
's root group. You don't necessarily need to explicitly create
or set a root group
397 because it autovivifies
when adding entries
and groups to the database
.
399 Every database
has only a single root group at a
time. Some old KDB files might have multiple root groups
.
400 When reading such files
, a single implicit root group
is created to contain the actual root groups
. When
401 writing to such a format
, if the root group looks like it was implicitly created then it won
't be written and
402 the resulting file might have multiple root groups, as it was before loading. This allows working with older
403 files without changing their written internal structure while still adhering to modern semantics while the
406 The root group of a KDBX database contains all of the database's entries
and other groups
. If you replace the
407 root group
, you are essentially replacing the entire database contents with something
else.
414 $self->{root
} = $self->_wrap_group(@_);
415 $self->{root
}->kdbx($self);
417 $self->{root
} //= $self->_implicit_root;
418 return $self->_wrap_group($self->{root
});
421 # Called by File::KeePass::KDBX so that a File::KDBX an be treated as a File::KDBX::Group in that both types
422 # can have subgroups. File::KDBX already has a `groups' method that does something different from the
423 # File::KDBX::Groups `groups' method.
426 return [] if !$self->{root
};
427 return $self->_has_implicit_root ? $self->root->groups : [$self->root];
430 sub _has_implicit_root
{
432 my $root = $self->root;
433 my $temp = __PACKAGE__-
>_implicit_root;
434 # If an implicit root group has been changed in any significant way, it is no longer implicit.
435 return $root->name eq $temp->name &&
436 $root->is_expanded ^ $temp->is_expanded &&
437 $root->notes eq $temp->notes &&
438 !@{$root->entries} &&
439 !defined $root->custom_icon_uuid &&
440 !keys %{$root->custom_data} &&
441 $root->icon_id == $temp->icon_id &&
442 $root->expires ^ $temp->expires &&
443 $root->default_auto_type_sequence eq $temp->default_auto_type_sequence &&
444 !defined $root->enable_auto_type &&
445 !defined $root->enable_searching;
450 require File
::KDBX
::Group
;
451 return File
::KDBX
::Group-
>new(
454 notes
=> 'Added as an implicit root group by '.__PACKAGE__
.'.',
455 ref $self ? (kdbx
=> $self) : (),
459 =method trace_lineage
461 \
@lineage = $kdbx->trace_lineage($group);
462 \
@lineage = $kdbx->trace_lineage($group, $base_group);
463 \
@lineage = $kdbx->trace_lineage($entry);
464 \
@lineage = $kdbx->trace_lineage($entry, $base_group);
466 Get the direct line of ancestors from C
<$base_group> (default: the root group
) to a group
or entry
. The
467 lineage includes the base group but I
<not> the target group
or entry
. Returns C
<undef> if the target
is not in
468 the database structure
.
475 return $object->lineage(@_);
483 push @lineage, $self->root if !@lineage;
484 my $base = $lineage[-1] or return [];
486 my $uuid = $object->uuid;
487 return \
@lineage if any
{ $_->uuid eq $uuid } @{$base->groups}, @{$base->entries};
489 for my $subgroup (@{$base->groups}) {
490 my $result = $self->_trace_lineage($object, @lineage, $subgroup);
491 return $result if $result;
497 $group = $kdbx->recycle_bin;
498 $kdbx->recycle_bin($group);
500 Get
or set the recycle bin group
. Returns C
<undef> if there
is no recycle bin
and L
</recycle_bin_enabled
> is
501 false
, otherwise the current recycle bin
or an autovivified recycle bin group
is returned
.
507 if (my $group = shift) {
508 $self->recycle_bin_uuid($group->uuid);
512 my $uuid = $self->recycle_bin_uuid;
513 $group = $self->groups->grep(uuid
=> $uuid)->next if $uuid ne UUID_NULL
;
514 if (!$group && $self->recycle_bin_enabled) {
515 $group = $self->add_group(
516 name
=> 'Recycle Bin',
517 icon_id
=> ICON_TRASHCAN_FULL
,
518 enable_auto_type
=> false
,
519 enable_searching
=> false
,
521 $self->recycle_bin_uuid($group->uuid);
526 =method entry_templates
528 $group = $kdbx->entry_templates;
529 $kdbx->entry_templates($group);
531 Get
or set the entry templates group
. May
return C
<undef> if unset
.
535 sub entry_templates
{
537 if (my $group = shift) {
538 $self->entry_templates_group($group->uuid);
541 my $uuid = $self->entry_templates_group;
542 return if $uuid eq UUID_NULL
;
543 return $self->groups->grep(uuid
=> $uuid)->next;
546 =method last_selected
548 $group = $kdbx->last_selected;
549 $kdbx->last_selected($group);
551 Get
or set the
last selected group
. May
return C
<undef> if unset
.
557 if (my $group = shift) {
558 $self->last_selected_group($group->uuid);
561 my $uuid = $self->last_selected_group;
562 return if $uuid eq UUID_NULL
;
563 return $self->groups->grep(uuid
=> $uuid)->next;
566 =method last_top_visible
568 $group = $kdbx->last_top_visible;
569 $kdbx->last_top_visible($group);
571 Get
or set the
last top visible group
. May
return C
<undef> if unset
.
575 sub last_top_visible
{
577 if (my $group = shift) {
578 $self->last_top_visible_group($group->uuid);
581 my $uuid = $self->last_top_visible_group;
582 return if $uuid eq UUID_NULL
;
583 return $self->groups->grep(uuid
=> $uuid)->next;
586 ##############################################################################
590 $kdbx->add_group($group);
591 $kdbx->add_group(%group_attributes, %options);
593 Add a group to a database
. This
is equivalent to identifying a parent group
and calling
594 L
<File
::KDBX
::Group
/add_group
> on the parent group
, forwarding the arguments
. Available options
:
597 * C<group> - Group object or group UUID to add the group to (default: root group)
603 my $group = @_ % 2 == 1 ? shift : undef;
606 # find the right group to add the group to
607 my $parent = delete $args{group
} // $self->root;
608 $parent = $self->groups->grep({uuid
=> $parent})->next if !ref $parent;
609 $parent or throw
'Invalid group';
611 return $parent->add_group(defined $group ? $group : (), %args, kdbx
=> $self);
617 require File
::KDBX
::Group
;
618 return File
::KDBX
::Group-
>wrap($group, $self);
623 \
&iterator
= $kdbx->groups(%options);
624 \
&iterator
= $kdbx->groups($base_group, %options);
626 Get an L
<File
::KDBX
::Iterator
> over I
<groups
> within a database
. Options
:
629 * C<base> - Only include groups within a base group (same as C<$base_group>) (default: L</root>)
630 * C<inclusive> - Include the base group in the results (default: true)
631 * C<algorithm> - Search algorithm, one of C<ids>, C<bfs> or C<dfs> (default: C<ids>)
637 my %args = @_ % 2 == 0 ? @_ : (base
=> shift, @_);
638 my $base = delete $args{base
} // $self->root;
640 return $base->all_groups(%args);
643 ##############################################################################
647 $kdbx->add_entry($entry, %options);
648 $kdbx->add_entry(%entry_attributes, %options);
650 Add an entry to a database
. This
is equivalent to identifying a parent group
and calling
651 L
<File
::KDBX
::Group
/add_entry
> on the parent group
, forwarding the arguments
. Available options
:
654 * C<group> - Group object or group UUID to add the entry to (default: root group)
660 my $entry = @_ % 2 == 1 ? shift : undef;
663 # find the right group to add the entry to
664 my $parent = delete $args{group
} // $self->root;
665 $parent = $self->groups->grep({uuid
=> $parent})->next if !ref $parent;
666 $parent or throw
'Invalid group';
668 return $parent->add_entry(defined $entry ? $entry : (), %args, kdbx
=> $self);
674 require File
::KDBX
::Entry
;
675 return File
::KDBX
::Entry-
>wrap($entry, $self);
680 \
&iterator
= $kdbx->entries(%options);
681 \
&iterator
= $kdbx->entries($base_group, %options);
683 Get an L
<File
::KDBX
::Iterator
> over I
<entries
> within a database
. Supports the same options as L
</groups
>,
687 * C<auto_type> - Only include entries with auto-type enabled (default: false, include all)
688 * C<searching> - Only include entries within groups with searching enabled (default: false, include all)
689 * C<history> - Also include historical entries (default: false, include only current entries)
695 my %args = @_ % 2 == 0 ? @_ : (base
=> shift, @_);
696 my $base = delete $args{base
} // $self->root;
698 return $base->all_entries(%args);
701 ##############################################################################
705 \
&iterator
= $kdbx->objects(%options);
706 \
&iterator
= $kdbx->objects($base_group, %options);
708 Get an L
<File
::KDBX
::Iterator
> over I
<objects
> within a database
. Groups
and entries are considered objects
,
709 so this
is essentially a combination of L
</groups> and L</entries
>. This won
't often be useful, but it can be
710 convenient for maintenance tasks. This method takes the same options as L</groups> and L</entries>.
716 my %args = @_ % 2 == 0 ? @_ : (base => shift, @_);
717 my $base = delete $args{base} // $self->root;
719 return $base->all_objects(%args);
722 sub __iter__ { $_[0]->objects }
724 ##############################################################################
728 \%icon = $kdbx->custom_icon($uuid);
729 $kdbx->custom_icon($uuid => \%icon);
730 $kdbx->custom_icon(%icon);
731 $kdbx->custom_icon(uuid => $value, %icon);
733 Get or set custom icons.
739 my %args = @_ == 2 ? (uuid => shift, data => shift)
740 : @_ % 2 == 1 ? (uuid => shift, @_) : @_;
742 if (!$args{uuid} && !$args{data}) {
743 my %standard = (uuid => 1, data => 1, name => 1, last_modification_time => 1);
744 my @other_keys = grep { !$standard{$_} } keys %args;
745 if (@other_keys == 1) {
746 my $key = $args{key} = $other_keys[0];
747 $args{data} = delete $args{$key};
751 my $uuid = $args{uuid} or throw 'Must provide a custom icon UUID to access
';
752 my $icon = (first { $_->{uuid} eq $uuid } @{$self->custom_icons}) // do {
753 push @{$self->custom_icons}, my $i = { uuid => $uuid };
758 $fields = $args{data} if is_plain_hashref($args{data});
760 while (my ($field, $value) = each %$fields) {
761 $icon->{$field} = $value;
766 =method custom_icon_data
768 $image_data = $kdbx->custom_icon_data($uuid);
770 Get a custom icon image data.
774 sub custom_icon_data {
776 my $uuid = shift // return;
777 my $icon = first { $_->{uuid} eq $uuid } @{$self->custom_icons} or return;
778 return $icon->{data};
781 =method add_custom_icon
783 $uuid = $kdbx->add_custom_icon($image_data, %attributes);
784 $uuid = $kdbx->add_custom_icon(%attributes);
786 Add a custom icon and get its UUID. If not provided, a random UUID will be generated. Possible attributes:
789 * C<uuid> - Icon UUID (default: autogenerated)
790 * C<data> - Image data (same as C<$image_data>)
791 * C<name> - Name of the icon (text, KDBX4.1+)
792 * C<last_modification_time> - Just what it says (datetime, KDBX4.1+)
796 sub add_custom_icon {
798 my %args = @_ % 2 == 1 ? (data => shift, @_) : @_;
800 defined $args{data} or throw 'Must provide image data
';
802 my $uuid = $args{uuid} // generate_uuid;
803 push @{$self->custom_icons}, {
811 =method remove_custom_icon
813 $kdbx->remove_custom_icon($uuid);
815 Remove a custom icon.
819 sub remove_custom_icon {
823 @{$self->custom_icons} = grep { $_->{uuid} eq $uuid ? do { push @deleted, $_; 0 } : 1 }
824 @{$self->custom_icons};
825 $self->add_deleted_object($uuid) if @deleted;
829 ##############################################################################
833 \%all_data = $kdbx->custom_data;
834 $kdbx->custom_data(\%all_data);
836 \%data = $kdbx->custom_data($key);
837 $kdbx->custom_data($key => \%data);
838 $kdbx->custom_data(%data);
839 $kdbx->custom_data(key => $value, %data);
841 Get and set custom data. Custom data is metadata associated with a database.
843 Each data item can have a few attributes associated with it.
846 * C<key> - A unique text string identifier used to look up the data item (required)
847 * C<value> - A text string value (required)
848 * C<last_modification_time> (optional, KDBX4.1+)
854 $self->{meta}{custom_data} = shift if @_ == 1 && is_plain_hashref($_[0]);
855 return $self->{meta}{custom_data} //= {} if !@_;
857 my %args = @_ == 2 ? (key => shift, value => shift)
858 : @_ % 2 == 1 ? (key => shift, @_) : @_;
860 if (!$args{key} && !$args{value}) {
861 my %standard = (key => 1, value => 1, last_modification_time => 1);
862 my @other_keys = grep { !$standard{$_} } keys %args;
863 if (@other_keys == 1) {
864 my $key = $args{key} = $other_keys[0];
865 $args{value} = delete $args{$key};
869 my $key = $args{key} or throw 'Must provide a custom_data key to access
';
871 return $self->{meta}{custom_data}{$key} = $args{value} if is_plain_hashref($args{value});
873 while (my ($field, $value) = each %args) {
874 $self->{meta}{custom_data}{$key}{$field} = $value;
876 return $self->{meta}{custom_data}{$key};
879 =method custom_data_value
881 $value = $kdbx->custom_data_value($key);
883 Exactly the same as L</custom_data> except returns just the custom data's value rather than a structure of
884 attributes
. This
is a shortcut
for:
886 my $data = $kdbx->custom_data($key);
887 my $value = defined $data ? $data->{value
} : undef;
891 sub custom_data_value
{
893 my $data = $self->custom_data(@_) // return;
894 return $data->{value
};
897 =method public_custom_data
899 \
%all_data = $kdbx->public_custom_data;
900 $kdbx->public_custom_data(\
%all_data);
902 $value = $kdbx->public_custom_data($key);
903 $kdbx->public_custom_data($key => $value);
905 Get
and set public custom data
. Public custom data
is similar to custom data but different
in some important
906 ways
. Public custom data
:
909 * can store strings, booleans and up to 64-bit integer values (custom data can only store text values)
910 * is NOT encrypted within a KDBX file (hence the "public" part of the name)
911 * is a plain hash/dict of key-value pairs with no other associated fields (like modification times)
915 sub public_custom_data
{
917 $self->{headers
}{+HEADER_PUBLIC_CUSTOM_DATA
} = shift if @_ == 1 && is_plain_hashref
($_[0]);
918 return $self->{headers
}{+HEADER_PUBLIC_CUSTOM_DATA
} //= {} if !@_;
920 my $key = shift or throw
'Must provide a public_custom_data key to access';
921 $self->{headers
}{+HEADER_PUBLIC_CUSTOM_DATA
}{$key} = shift if @_;
922 return $self->{headers
}{+HEADER_PUBLIC_CUSTOM_DATA
}{$key};
925 ##############################################################################
932 # my %options = @_; # prefer_old / prefer_new
933 # $other->merge_from($self);
940 # die 'Not implemented';
943 =method add_deleted_object
945 $kdbx->add_deleted_object($uuid);
947 Add a UUID to the deleted objects list
. This list
is used to support automatic database merging
.
949 You typically
do not need to call this yourself because the list will be populated automatically as objects
954 sub add_deleted_object
{
958 # ignore null and meta stream UUIDs
959 return if $uuid eq UUID_NULL
|| $uuid eq '0' x
16;
961 $self->deleted_objects->{$uuid} = {
963 deletion_time
=> scalar gmtime,
967 =method remove_deleted_object
969 $kdbx->remove_deleted_object($uuid);
971 Remove a UUID from the deleted objects list
. This list
is used to support automatic database merging
.
973 You typically
do not need to call this yourself because the list will be maintained automatically as objects
978 sub remove_deleted_object
{
981 delete $self->deleted_objects->{$uuid};
984 =method clear_deleted_objects
986 Remove all UUIDs from the deleted objects list
. This list
is used to support automatic database merging
, but
987 if you don
't need merging then you can clear deleted objects to reduce the database file size.
991 sub clear_deleted_objects {
993 %{$self->deleted_objects} = ();
996 ##############################################################################
998 =method resolve_reference
1000 $string = $kdbx->resolve_reference($reference);
1001 $string = $kdbx->resolve_reference($wanted, $search_in, $expression);
1003 Resolve a L<field reference|https://keepass.info/help/base/fieldrefs.html>. A field reference is a kind of
1004 string placeholder. You can use a field reference to refer directly to a standard field within an entry. Field
1005 references are resolved automatically while expanding entry strings (i.e. replacing placeholders), but you can
1006 use this method to resolve on-the-fly references that aren't part of any actual string
in the database
.
1008 If the reference
does not resolve to any field
, C
<undef> is returned
. If the reference resolves to multiple
1009 fields
, only the first one
is returned
(in the same order as iterated by L
</entries
>). To avoid ambiguity
, you
1010 can refer to a specific entry by its UUID
.
1012 The syntax of a reference
is: C
<< {REF
:<WantedField
>@<SearchIn
>:<Text
>} >>. C
<Text
> is a
1013 L
</"Simple Expression">. C
<WantedField
> and C
<SearchIn
> are both single character codes representing a field
:
1022 * C<O> - Other custom strings
1024 Since C<O> does not represent any specific field, it cannot be used as the C<WantedField>.
1028 To get the value of the I<UserName> string of the first entry with "My Bank" in the title:
1030 my $username = $kdbx->resolve_reference('{REF:U@T:"My Bank"}');
1031 # OR the {REF:...} wrapper is optional
1032 my $username = $kdbx->resolve_reference('U@T:"My Bank"');
1033 # OR separate the arguments
1034 my $username = $kdbx->resolve_reference(U => T => '"My Bank"');
1036 Note how the text is a L</"Simple Expression">, so search terms with spaces must be surrounded in double
1039 To get the I<Password> string of a specific entry (identified by its UUID):
1041 my $password = $kdbx->resolve_reference('{REF:P@I:46C9B1FFBD4ABC4BBB260C6190BAD20C}');
1045 sub resolve_reference
{
1047 my $wanted = shift // return;
1048 my $search_in = shift;
1051 if (!defined $text) {
1052 $wanted =~ s/^\{REF:([^\}]+)\}$/$1/i;
1053 ($wanted, $search_in, $text) = $wanted =~ /^([TUPANI])\@([TUPANIO]):(.*)$/i;
1055 $wanted && $search_in && nonempty
($text) or return;
1058 T
=> 'expand_title',
1059 U
=> 'expand_username',
1060 P
=> 'expand_password',
1062 N
=> 'expand_notes',
1064 O
=> 'other_strings',
1066 $wanted = $fields{$wanted} or return;
1067 $search_in = $fields{$search_in} or return;
1069 my $query = $search_in eq 'uuid' ? query
($search_in => uuid
($text))
1070 : simple_expression_query
($text, '=~', $search_in);
1072 my $entry = $self->entries->grep($query)->next;
1075 return $entry->$wanted;
1078 our %PLACEHOLDERS = (
1079 # 'PLACEHOLDER' => sub { my ($entry, $arg) = @_; ... };
1080 'TITLE' => sub { $_[0]->expand_title },
1081 'USERNAME' => sub { $_[0]->expand_username },
1082 'PASSWORD' => sub { $_[0]->expand_password },
1083 'NOTES' => sub { $_[0]->expand_notes },
1084 'S:' => sub { $_[0]->string_value($_[1]) },
1085 'URL' => sub { $_[0]->expand_url },
1086 'URL:RMVSCM' => sub { local $_ = $_[0]->url; s!^[^:/\?\#]+://!!; $_ },
1087 'URL:WITHOUTSCHEME' => sub { local $_ = $_[0]->url; s!^[^:/\?\#]+://!!; $_ },
1088 'URL:SCM' => sub { (split_url
($_[0]->url))[0] },
1089 'URL:SCHEME' => sub { (split_url
($_[0]->url))[0] }, # non-standard
1090 'URL:HOST' => sub { (split_url
($_[0]->url))[2] },
1091 'URL:PORT' => sub { (split_url
($_[0]->url))[3] },
1092 'URL:PATH' => sub { (split_url
($_[0]->url))[4] },
1093 'URL:QUERY' => sub { (split_url
($_[0]->url))[5] },
1094 'URL:HASH' => sub { (split_url
($_[0]->url))[6] }, # non-standard
1095 'URL:FRAGMENT' => sub { (split_url
($_[0]->url))[6] }, # non-standard
1096 'URL:USERINFO' => sub { (split_url
($_[0]->url))[1] },
1097 'URL:USERNAME' => sub { (split_url
($_[0]->url))[7] },
1098 'URL:PASSWORD' => sub { (split_url
($_[0]->url))[8] },
1099 'UUID' => sub { local $_ = format_uuid
($_[0]->uuid); s/-//g; $_ },
1100 'REF:' => sub { $_[0]->kdbx->resolve_reference($_[1]) },
1101 'INTERNETEXPLORER' => sub { load_optional
('IPC::Cmd'); IPC
::Cmd
::can_run
('iexplore') },
1102 'FIREFOX' => sub { load_optional
('IPC::Cmd'); IPC
::Cmd
::can_run
('firefox') },
1103 'GOOGLECHROME' => sub { load_optional
('IPC::Cmd'); IPC
::Cmd
::can_run
('google-chrome') },
1104 'OPERA' => sub { load_optional
('IPC::Cmd'); IPC
::Cmd
::can_run
('opera') },
1105 'SAFARI' => sub { load_optional
('IPC::Cmd'); IPC
::Cmd
::can_run
('safari') },
1106 'APPDIR' => sub { load_optional
('FindBin'); $FindBin::Bin
},
1107 'GROUP' => sub { my $p = $_[0]->group; $p ? $p->name : undef },
1108 'GROUP_PATH' => sub { $_[0]->path },
1109 'GROUP_NOTES' => sub { my $p = $_[0]->group; $p ? $p->notes : undef },
1118 'ENV:' => sub { $ENV{$_[1]} },
1119 'ENV_DIRSEP' => sub { load_optional
('File::Spec')->catfile('', '') },
1120 'ENV_PROGRAMFILES_X86' => sub { $ENV{'ProgramFiles(x86)'} || $ENV{'ProgramFiles'} },
1123 'DT_SIMPLE' => sub { localtime-
>strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S') },
1124 'DT_YEAR' => sub { localtime-
>strftime('%Y') },
1125 'DT_MONTH' => sub { localtime-
>strftime('%m') },
1126 'DT_DAY' => sub { localtime-
>strftime('%d') },
1127 'DT_HOUR' => sub { localtime-
>strftime('%H') },
1128 'DT_MINUTE' => sub { localtime-
>strftime('%M') },
1129 'DT_SECOND' => sub { localtime-
>strftime('%S') },
1130 'DT_UTC_SIMPLE' => sub { gmtime-
>strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S') },
1131 'DT_UTC_YEAR' => sub { gmtime-
>strftime('%Y') },
1132 'DT_UTC_MONTH' => sub { gmtime-
>strftime('%m') },
1133 'DT_UTC_DAY' => sub { gmtime-
>strftime('%d') },
1134 'DT_UTC_HOUR' => sub { gmtime-
>strftime('%H') },
1135 'DT_UTC_MINUTE' => sub { gmtime-
>strftime('%M') },
1136 'DT_UTC_SECOND' => sub { gmtime-
>strftime('%S') },
1143 'HMACOTP' => sub { $_[0]->hmac_otp },
1144 'TIMEOTP' => sub { $_[0]->time_otp },
1145 'C:' => sub { '' }, # comment
1153 ##############################################################################
1159 Encrypt all protected strings
and binaries
in a database
. The encrypted data
is stored
in
1160 a L
<File
::KDBX
::Safe
> associated with the database
and the actual
values will be replaced with C
<undef> to
1161 indicate their protected
state. Returns itself to allow
method chaining
.
1163 You can call C
<lock> on an already-locked database to memory-protect any unprotected strings
and binaries
1164 added after the
last time the database was locked
.
1170 $SAFE{$self} = shift if @_;
1174 sub _remove_safe
{ delete $SAFE{$_[0]} }
1179 $self->_safe and return $self;
1183 $self->entries(history
=> 1)->each(sub {
1184 push @strings, grep { $_->{protect
} } values %{$_->strings}, values %{$_->binaries};
1187 $self->_safe(File
::KDBX
::Safe-
>new(\
@strings));
1196 Decrypt all protected strings
and binaries
in a database
, replacing C
<undef> value placeholders with their
1197 actual
, unprotected
values. Returns itself to allow
method chaining
.
1203 my $safe = $self->_safe or return $self;
1206 $self->_remove_safe;
1211 =method unlock_scoped
1213 $guard = $kdbx->unlock_scoped;
1215 Unlock a database temporarily
, relocking
when the guard
is released
(typically at the end of a scope
). Returns
1216 C
<undef> if the database
is already unlocked
.
1218 See L
</lock> and L</unlock
>.
1223 my $guard = $kdbx->unlock_scoped;
1226 # $kdbx is now memory-locked
1231 throw
'Programmer error: Cannot call unlock_scoped in void context' if !defined wantarray;
1233 return if !$self->is_locked;
1234 require Scope
::Guard
;
1235 my $guard = Scope
::Guard-
>new(sub { $self->lock });
1242 $string = $kdbx->peek(\
%string);
1243 $string = $kdbx->peek(\
%binary);
1245 Peek at the value of a protected string
or binary without unlocking the whole database
. The argument can be
1246 a string
or binary hashref as returned by L
<File
::KDBX
::Entry
/string> or L<File::KDBX::Entry/binary
>.
1253 my $safe = $self->_safe or return;
1254 return $safe->peek($string);
1259 $bool = $kdbx->is_locked;
1261 Get whether
or not a database
's contents are in a locked (i.e. memory-protected) state. If this is true, then
1262 some or all of the protected strings and binaries within the database will be unavailable (literally have
1263 C<undef> values) until L</unlock> is called.
1267 sub is_locked { !!$_[0]->_safe }
1269 ##############################################################################
1272 # - Fixer tool. Can repair inconsistencies, including:
1273 # - Orphaned binaries... not really a thing anymore since we now distribute binaries amongst entries
1274 # - Unused custom icons (OFF, data loss)
1276 # - All data types are valid
1277 # - date times are correct
1279 # - All UUIDs refer to things that exist
1280 # - previous parent group
1282 # - last selected group
1283 # - last visible group
1284 # - Enforce history size limits (ON)
1285 # - Check headers/meta (ON)
1286 # - Duplicate deleted objects (ON)
1287 # - Duplicate window associations (OFF)
1288 # - Header UUIDs match known ciphers/KDFs?
1291 =method remove_empty_groups
1293 $kdbx->remove_empty_groups;
1295 Remove groups with no subgroups and no entries.
1299 sub remove_empty_groups {
1302 $self->groups(algorithm => 'dfs
')
1303 ->where(-true => 'is_empty
')
1304 ->each(sub { push @removed, $_->remove });
1308 =method remove_unused_icons
1310 $kdbx->remove_unused_icons;
1312 Remove icons that are not associated with any entry or group in the database.
1316 sub remove_unused_icons {
1318 my %icons = map { $_->{uuid} => 0 } @{$self->custom_icons};
1320 $self->objects->each(sub { ++$icons{$_->custom_icon_uuid // ''} });
1323 push @removed, $self->remove_custom_icon($_) for grep { $icons{$_} == 0 } keys %icons;
1327 =method remove_duplicate_icons
1329 $kdbx->remove_duplicate_icons;
1331 Remove duplicate icons as determined by hashing the icon data.
1335 sub remove_duplicate_icons {
1340 for my $icon (@{$self->custom_icons}) {
1341 my $digest = digest_data('SHA256
', $icon->{data});
1342 if (my $other = $seen{$digest}) {
1343 $dup{$icon->{uuid}} = $other->{uuid};
1346 $seen{$digest} = $icon;
1351 while (my ($old_uuid, $new_uuid) = each %dup) {
1353 ->where(custom_icon_uuid => $old_uuid)
1354 ->each(sub { $_->custom_icon_uuid($new_uuid) });
1355 push @removed, $self->remove_custom_icon($old_uuid);
1360 =method prune_history
1362 $kdbx->prune_history(%options);
1364 Remove just as many older historical entries as necessary to get under certain limits.
1367 * C<max_items> - Maximum number of historical entries to keep (default: value of L</history_max_items>, no
1369 * C<max_size> - Maximum total size (in bytes) of historical entries to keep (default: value of
1370 L</history_max_size>, no limit: -1)
1371 * C<max_age> - Maximum age (in days) of historical entries to keep (default: value of
1372 L</maintenance_history_days>, no limit: -1)
1380 my $max_items = $args{max_items} // $self->history_max_items // HISTORY_DEFAULT_MAX_ITEMS;
1381 my $max_size = $args{max_size} // $self->history_max_size // HISTORY_DEFAULT_MAX_SIZE;
1382 my $max_age = $args{max_age} // $self->maintenance_history_days // HISTORY_DEFAULT_MAX_AGE;
1385 $self->entries->each(sub {
1386 push @removed, $_->prune_history(
1387 max_items => $max_items,
1388 max_size => $max_size,
1389 max_age => $max_age,
1395 =method randomize_seeds
1397 $kdbx->randomize_seeds;
1399 Set various keys, seeds and IVs to random values. These values are used by the cryptographic functions that
1400 secure the database when dumped. The attributes that will be randomized are:
1404 * L</inner_random_stream_key>
1406 * L</stream_start_bytes>
1407 * L</transform_seed>
1409 Randomizing these values has no effect on a loaded database. These are only used when a database is dumped.
1410 You normally do not need to call this method explicitly because the dumper does it for you by default.
1414 sub randomize_seeds {
1416 $self->encryption_iv(random_bytes(16));
1417 $self->inner_random_stream_key(random_bytes(64));
1418 $self->master_seed(random_bytes(32));
1419 $self->stream_start_bytes(random_bytes(32));
1420 $self->transform_seed(random_bytes(32));
1423 ##############################################################################
1428 $key = $kdbx->key($key);
1429 $key = $kdbx->key($primitive);
1431 Get or set a L<File::KDBX::Key>. This is the master key (e.g. a password or a key file that can decrypt
1432 a database). You can also pass a primitive castable to a B<Key>. See L<File::KDBX::Key/new> for an explanation
1433 of what the primitive can be.
1435 You generally don't need to call this directly because you can provide the key directly to the loader
or
1436 dumper
when loading
or dumping a KDBX file
.
1442 $KEYS{$self} = File
::KDBX
::Key-
>new(@_) if @_;
1446 =method composite_key
1448 $key = $kdbx->composite_key($key);
1449 $key = $kdbx->composite_key($primitive);
1451 Construct a L
<File
::KDBX
::Key
::Composite
> from a B
<Key
> or primitive
. See L
<File
::KDBX
::Key
/new
> for an
1452 explanation of what the primitive can be
. If the primitive
does not represent a composite key
, it will be
1455 You generally don
't need to call this directly. The loader and dumper use it to transform a master key into
1456 a raw encryption key.
1462 require File::KDBX::Key::Composite;
1463 return File::KDBX::Key::Composite->new(@_);
1468 $kdf = $kdbx->kdf(%options);
1469 $kdf = $kdbx->kdf(\%parameters, %options);
1471 Get a L<File::KDBX::KDF> (key derivation function).
1476 * C<params> - KDF parameters, same as C<\%parameters> (default: value of L</kdf_parameters>)
1482 my %args = @_ % 2 == 1 ? (params => shift, @_) : @_;
1484 my $params = $args{params};
1485 my $compat = $args{compatible} // 1;
1487 $params //= $self->kdf_parameters;
1488 $params = {%{$params || {}}};
1490 if (empty $params || !defined $params->{+KDF_PARAM_UUID}) {
1491 $params->{+KDF_PARAM_UUID} = KDF_UUID_AES;
1493 if ($params->{+KDF_PARAM_UUID} eq KDF_UUID_AES) {
1494 # AES_CHALLENGE_RESPONSE is equivalent to AES if there are no challenge-response keys, and since
1495 # non-KeePassXC implementations don't support challenge-response
keys anyway
, there
's no problem with
1496 # always using AES_CHALLENGE_RESPONSE for all KDBX4+ databases.
1497 # For compatibility, we should not *write* AES_CHALLENGE_RESPONSE, but the dumper handles that.
1498 if ($self->version >= KDBX_VERSION_4_0) {
1499 $params->{+KDF_PARAM_UUID} = KDF_UUID_AES_CHALLENGE_RESPONSE;
1501 $params->{+KDF_PARAM_AES_SEED} //= $self->transform_seed;
1502 $params->{+KDF_PARAM_AES_ROUNDS} //= $self->transform_rounds;
1505 require File::KDBX::KDF;
1506 return File::KDBX::KDF->new(%$params);
1509 sub transform_seed {
1511 $self->headers->{+HEADER_TRANSFORM_SEED} =
1512 $self->headers->{+HEADER_KDF_PARAMETERS}{+KDF_PARAM_AES_SEED} = shift if @_;
1513 $self->headers->{+HEADER_TRANSFORM_SEED} =
1514 $self->headers->{+HEADER_KDF_PARAMETERS}{+KDF_PARAM_AES_SEED} //= random_bytes(32);
1517 sub transform_rounds {
1519 $self->headers->{+HEADER_TRANSFORM_ROUNDS} =
1520 $self->headers->{+HEADER_KDF_PARAMETERS}{+KDF_PARAM_AES_ROUNDS} = shift if @_;
1521 $self->headers->{+HEADER_TRANSFORM_ROUNDS} =
1522 $self->headers->{+HEADER_KDF_PARAMETERS}{+KDF_PARAM_AES_ROUNDS} //= 100_000;
1527 $cipher = $kdbx->cipher(key => $key);
1528 $cipher = $kdbx->cipher(key => $key, iv => $iv, uuid => $uuid);
1530 Get a L<File::KDBX::Cipher> capable of encrypting and decrypting the body of a database file.
1532 A key is required. This should be a raw encryption key made up of a fixed number of octets (depending on the
1533 cipher), not a L<File::KDBX::Key> or primitive.
1535 If not passed, the UUID comes from C<< $kdbx->headers->{cipher_id} >> and the encryption IV comes from
1536 C<< $kdbx->headers->{encryption_iv} >>.
1538 You generally don't need to call this directly
. The loader
and dumper
use it to decrypt
and encrypt KDBX
1547 $args{uuid
} //= $self->headers->{+HEADER_CIPHER_ID
};
1548 $args{iv
} //= $self->headers->{+HEADER_ENCRYPTION_IV
};
1550 require File
::KDBX
::Cipher
;
1551 return File
::KDBX
::Cipher-
>new(%args);
1554 =method random_stream
1556 $cipher = $kdbx->random_stream;
1557 $cipher = $kdbx->random_stream(id
=> $stream_id, key
=> $key);
1559 Get a L
<File
::KDBX
::Cipher
::Stream
> for decrypting
and encrypting protected
values.
1561 If
not passed
, the ID
and encryption key comes from C
<< $kdbx->headers->{inner_random_stream_id
} >> and
1562 C
<< $kdbx->headers->{inner_random_stream_key
} >> (respectively
) for KDBX3 files
and from
1563 C
<< $kdbx->inner_headers->{inner_random_stream_key
} >> and
1564 C
<< $kdbx->inner_headers->{inner_random_stream_id
} >> (respectively
) for KDBX4 files
.
1566 You generally don
't need to call this directly. The loader and dumper use it to scramble protected strings.
1574 $args{stream_id} //= delete $args{id} // $self->inner_random_stream_id;
1575 $args{key} //= $self->inner_random_stream_key;
1577 require File::KDBX::Cipher;
1578 File::KDBX::Cipher->new(%args);
1581 sub inner_random_stream_id {
1583 $self->inner_headers->{+INNER_HEADER_INNER_RANDOM_STREAM_ID}
1584 = $self->headers->{+HEADER_INNER_RANDOM_STREAM_ID} = shift if @_;
1585 $self->inner_headers->{+INNER_HEADER_INNER_RANDOM_STREAM_ID}
1586 //= $self->headers->{+HEADER_INNER_RANDOM_STREAM_ID} //= do {
1587 my $version = $self->minimum_version;
1588 $version < KDBX_VERSION_4_0 ? STREAM_ID_SALSA20 : STREAM_ID_CHACHA20;
1592 sub inner_random_stream_key {
1595 # These are probably the same SvPV so erasing one will CoW, but erasing the second should do the
1597 erase \$self->inner_headers->{+INNER_HEADER_INNER_RANDOM_STREAM_KEY};
1598 erase \$self->headers->{+HEADER_INNER_RANDOM_STREAM_KEY};
1599 $self->inner_headers->{+INNER_HEADER_INNER_RANDOM_STREAM_KEY}
1600 = $self->headers->{+HEADER_INNER_RANDOM_STREAM_KEY} = shift;
1602 $self->inner_headers->{+INNER_HEADER_INNER_RANDOM_STREAM_KEY}
1603 //= $self->headers->{+HEADER_INNER_RANDOM_STREAM_KEY} //= random_bytes(64); # 32
1606 #########################################################################################
1608 sub _handle_signal {
1614 'entry
.added
' => \&_handle_object_added,
1615 'group
.added
' => \&_handle_object_added,
1616 'entry
.removed
' => \&_handle_object_removed,
1617 'group
.removed
' => \&_handle_object_removed,
1618 'entry
.uuid
.changed
' => \&_handle_entry_uuid_changed,
1619 'group
.uuid
.changed
' => \&_handle_group_uuid_changed,
1621 my $handler = $handlers{$type} or return;
1622 $self->$handler($object, @_);
1625 sub _handle_object_added {
1628 $self->remove_deleted_object($object->uuid);
1631 sub _handle_object_removed {
1634 my $old_uuid = $object->{uuid} // return;
1636 my $meta = $self->meta;
1637 $self->recycle_bin_uuid(UUID_NULL) if $old_uuid eq ($meta->{recycle_bin_uuid} // '');
1638 $self->entry_templates_group(UUID_NULL) if $old_uuid eq ($meta->{entry_templates_group} // '');
1639 $self->last_selected_group(UUID_NULL) if $old_uuid eq ($meta->{last_selected_group} // '');
1640 $self->last_top_visible_group(UUID_NULL) if $old_uuid eq ($meta->{last_top_visible_group} // '');
1642 $self->add_deleted_object($old_uuid);
1645 sub _handle_entry_uuid_changed {
1648 my $new_uuid = shift;
1649 my $old_uuid = shift // return;
1651 my $old_pretty = format_uuid($old_uuid);
1652 my $new_pretty = format_uuid($new_uuid);
1653 my $fieldref_match = qr/\{REF:([TUPANI])\@I:\Q$old_pretty\E\}/is;
1655 $self->entries->each(sub {
1656 $_->previous_parent_group($new_uuid) if $old_uuid eq ($_->{previous_parent_group} // '');
1658 for my $string (values %{$_->strings}) {
1659 next if !defined $string->{value} || $string->{value} !~ $fieldref_match;
1660 my $txn = $_->begin_work;
1661 $string->{value} =~ s/$fieldref_match/{REF:$1\@I:$new_pretty}/g;
1667 sub _handle_group_uuid_changed {
1670 my $new_uuid = shift;
1671 my $old_uuid = shift // return;
1673 my $meta = $self->meta;
1674 $self->recycle_bin_uuid($new_uuid) if $old_uuid eq ($meta->{recycle_bin_uuid} // '');
1675 $self->entry_templates_group($new_uuid) if $old_uuid eq ($meta->{entry_templates_group} // '');
1676 $self->last_selected_group($new_uuid) if $old_uuid eq ($meta->{last_selected_group} // '');
1677 $self->last_top_visible_group($new_uuid) if $old_uuid eq ($meta->{last_top_visible_group} // '');
1679 $self->groups->each(sub {
1680 $_->last_top_visible_entry($new_uuid) if $old_uuid eq ($_->{last_top_visible_entry} // '');
1681 $_->previous_parent_group($new_uuid) if $old_uuid eq ($_->{previous_parent_group} // '');
1683 $self->entries->each(sub {
1684 $_->previous_parent_group($new_uuid) if $old_uuid eq ($_->{previous_parent_group} // '');
1688 #########################################################################################
1704 =attr deleted_objects
1706 Hash of UUIDs for objects that have been deleted. This includes groups, entries and even custom icons.
1710 Bytes contained within the encrypted layer of a KDBX file. This is only set when using
1711 L<File::KDBX::Loader::Raw>.
1715 A text string associated with the database. Often unset.
1719 The UUID of a cipher used to encrypt the database when stored as a file.
1721 See L<File::KDBX::Cipher>.
1723 =attr compression_flags
1725 Configuration for whether or not and how the database gets compressed. See
1726 L<File::KDBX::Constants/":compression">.
1730 The master seed is a string of 32 random bytes that is used as salt in hashing the master key when loading
1731 and saving the database. If a challenge-response key is used in the master key, the master seed is also the
1734 The master seed I<should> be changed each time the database is saved to file.
1736 =attr transform_seed
1738 The transform seed is a string of 32 random bytes that is used in the key derivation function, either as the
1739 salt or the key (depending on the algorithm).
1741 The transform seed I<should> be changed each time the database is saved to file.
1743 =attr transform_rounds
1745 The number of rounds or iterations used in the key derivation function. Increasing this number makes loading
1746 and saving the database slower by design in order to make dictionary and brute force attacks more costly.
1750 The initialization vector used by the cipher.
1752 The encryption IV I<should> be changed each time the database is saved to file.
1754 =attr inner_random_stream_key
1756 The encryption key (possibly including the IV, depending on the cipher) used to encrypt the protected strings
1757 within the database.
1759 =attr stream_start_bytes
1761 A string of 32 random bytes written in the header and encrypted in the body. If the bytes do not match when
1762 loading a file then the wrong master key was used or the file is corrupt. Only KDBX 2 and KDBX 3 files use
1763 this. KDBX 4 files use an improved HMAC method to verify the master key and data integrity of the header and
1766 =attr inner_random_stream_id
1768 A number indicating the cipher algorithm used to encrypt the protected strings within the database, usually
1769 Salsa20 or ChaCha20. See L<File::KDBX::Constants/":random_stream">.
1771 =attr kdf_parameters
1773 A hash/dict of key-value pairs used to configure the key derivation function. This is the KDBX4+ way to
1774 configure the KDF, superceding L</transform_seed> and L</transform_rounds>.
1778 The name of the software used to generate the KDBX file.
1782 The header hash used to verify that the file header is not corrupt. (KDBX 2 - KDBX 3.1, removed KDBX 4.0)
1786 Name of the database.
1788 =attr database_name_changed
1790 Timestamp indicating when the database name was last changed.
1792 =attr database_description
1794 Description of the database
1796 =attr database_description_changed
1798 Timestamp indicating when the database description was last changed.
1800 =attr default_username
1802 When a new entry is created, the I<UserName> string will be populated with this value.
1804 =attr default_username_changed
1806 Timestamp indicating when the default username was last changed.
1810 A color associated with the database (in the form C<#ffffff> where "f" is a hexidecimal digit). Some agents
1811 use this to help users visually distinguish between different databases.
1813 =attr master_key_changed
1815 Timestamp indicating when the master key was last changed.
1817 =attr master_key_change_rec
1819 Number of days until the agent should prompt to recommend changing the master key.
1821 =attr master_key_change_force
1823 Number of days until the agent should prompt to force changing the master key.
1825 Note: This is purely advisory. It is up to the individual agent software to actually enforce it.
1826 B<File::KDBX> does NOT enforce it.
1830 Array of custom icons that can be associated with groups and entries.
1832 This list can be managed with the methods L</add_custom_icon> and L</remove_custom_icon>.
1834 =attr recycle_bin_enabled
1836 Boolean indicating whether removed groups and entries should go to a recycle bin or be immediately deleted.
1838 =attr recycle_bin_uuid
1840 The UUID of a group used to store thrown-away groups and entries.
1842 =attr recycle_bin_changed
1844 Timestamp indicating when the recycle bin group was last changed.
1846 =attr entry_templates_group
1848 The UUID of a group containing template entries used when creating new entries.
1850 =attr entry_templates_group_changed
1852 Timestamp indicating when the entry templates group was last changed.
1854 =attr last_selected_group
1856 The UUID of the previously-selected group.
1858 =attr last_top_visible_group
1860 The UUID of the group visible at the top of the list.
1862 =attr history_max_items
1864 The maximum number of historical entries that should be kept for each entry. Default is 10.
1866 =attr history_max_size
1868 The maximum total size (in bytes) that each individual entry's history
is allowed to grow
. Default
is 6 MiB
.
1870 =attr maintenance_history_days
1872 The maximum age
(in days
) historical entries should be kept
. Default it
365.
1874 =attr settings_changed
1876 Timestamp indicating
when the database settings were
last updated
.
1880 Alias of the L
</memory_protection
> setting
for the I
<Title
> string
.
1882 =attr protect_username
1884 Alias of the L
</memory_protection
> setting
for the I
<UserName
> string
.
1886 =attr protect_password
1888 Alias of the L
</memory_protection
> setting
for the I
<Password
> string
.
1892 Alias of the L
</memory_protection
> setting
for the I
<URL
> string
.
1896 Alias of the L
</memory_protection
> setting
for the I
<Notes
> string
.
1900 #########################################################################################
1902 sub TO_JSON
{ +{%{$_[0]}} }
1907 =for Pod::Coverage STORABLE_freeze STORABLE_thaw TO_JSON
1913 # Create a new database from scratch
1914 my $kdbx = File::KDBX->new;
1916 # Add some objects to the database
1917 my $group = $kdbx->add_group(
1918 name => 'Passwords',
1920 my $entry = $group->add_entry(
1922 username => 'mreynolds',
1923 password => 's3cr3t',
1926 # Save the database to the filesystem
1927 $kdbx->dump_file('passwords.kdbx', 'masterpw changeme');
1929 # Load the database from the filesystem into a new database instance
1930 my $kdbx2 = File::KDBX->load_file('passwords.kdbx', 'masterpw changeme');
1932 # Iterate over database entries, print entry titles
1933 $kdbx2->entries->each(sub($entry, @) {
1934 say 'Entry: ', $entry->title;
1937 See L</RECIPES> for more examples.
1941 B<File::KDBX> provides everything you need to work with KDBX databases. A KDBX database is a hierarchical
1942 object database which is commonly used to store secret information securely. It was developed for the KeePass
1943 password safe. See L</"Introduction to KDBX"> for more information about KDBX.
1945 This module lets you query entries, create new entries, delete entries, modify entries and more. The
1946 distribution also includes various parsers and generators for serializing and persisting databases.
1948 The design of this software was influenced by the L<KeePassXC|https://github.com/keepassxreboot/keepassxc>
1949 implementation of KeePass as well as the L<File::KeePass> module. B<File::KeePass> is an alternative module
1950 that works well in most cases but has a small backlog of bugs and security issues and also does not work with
1951 newer KDBX version 4 files. If you're coming here from the B<File::KeePass> world, you might be interested in
1952 L<File::KeePass::KDBX> that is a drop-in replacement for B<File::KeePass> that uses B<File::KDBX> for storage.
1954 This software is a B<pre-1.0 release>. The interface should be considered pretty stable, but there might be
1955 minor changes up until a 1.0 release. Breaking changes will be noted in the F<Changes> file.
1960 * ☑ Read and write KDBX version 3 - version 4.1
1961 * ☑ Read and write KDB files (requires L<File::KeePass>)
1962 * ☑ Unicode character strings
1963 * ☑ L</"Simple Expression"> Searching
1964 * ☑ L<Placeholders|File::KDBX::Entry/Placeholders> and L<field references|/resolve_reference>
1965 * ☑ L<One-time passwords|File::KDBX::Entry/"One-time Passwords">
1966 * ☑ L<Very secure|/SECURITY>
1967 * ☑ L</"Memory Protection">
1968 * ☑ Challenge-response key components, like L<YubiKey|File::KDBX::Key::YubiKey>
1969 * ☑ Variety of L<key file|File::KDBX::Key::File> types: binary, hexed, hashed, XML v1 and v2
1970 * ☑ Pluggable registration of different kinds of ciphers and key derivation functions
1971 * ☑ Built-in database maintenance functions
1972 * ☑ Pretty fast, with L<XS optimizations|File::KDBX::XS> available
1973 * ☒ Database synchronization / merging (not yet)
1975 =head2 Introduction to KDBX
1977 A KDBX database consists of a tree of I<groups> and I<entries>, with a single I<root> group. Entries can
1978 contain zero or more key-value pairs of I<strings> and zero or more I<binaries> (i.e. octet strings). Groups,
1979 entries, strings and binaries: that's the KDBX vernacular. A small amount of metadata (timestamps, etc.) is
1980 associated with each entry, group and the database as a whole.
1982 You can think of a KDBX database kind of like a file system, where groups are directories, entries are files,
1983 and strings and binaries make up a file's contents.
1985 Databases are typically persisted as encrypted, compressed files. They are usually accessed directly (i.e.
1986 not over a network). The primary focus of this type of database is data security. It is ideal for storing
1987 relatively small amounts of data (strings and binaries) that must remain secret except to such individuals as
1988 have the correct I<master key>. Even if the database file were to be "leaked" to the public Internet, it
1989 should be virtually impossible to crack with a strong key. The KDBX format is most often used by password
1990 managers to store passwords so that users can know a single strong password and not have to reuse passwords
1991 across different websites. See L</SECURITY> for an overview of security considerations.
1995 =head2 Create a new database
1997 my $kdbx = File::KDBX->new;
1999 my $group = $kdbx->add_group(name => 'Passwords);
2000 my $entry = $group->add_entry(
2001 title => 'WayneCorp',
2002 username => 'bwayne',
2003 password => 'iambatman',
2004 url => 'https://example.com/login'
2006 $entry->add_auto_type_window_association('WayneCorp - Mozilla Firefox', '{PASSWORD}{ENTER}');
2008 $kdbx->dump_file('mypasswords.kdbx', 'master password CHANGEME');
2010 =head2 Read an existing database
2012 my $kdbx = File::KDBX->load_file('mypasswords.kdbx', 'master password CHANGEME');
2013 $kdbx->unlock; # cause $entry->password below to be defined
2015 $kdbx->entries->each(sub($entry, @) {
2016 say 'Found password for: ', $entry->title;
2017 say ' Username: ', $entry->username;
2018 say ' Password: ', $entry->password;
2021 =head2 Search for entries
2023 my @entries = $kdbx->entries(searching => 1)
2024 ->grep(title => 'WayneCorp')
2025 ->each; # return all matches
2027 The C<searching> option limits results to only entries within groups with searching enabled. Other options are
2028 also available. See L</entries>.
2030 See L</QUERY> for many more query examples.
2032 =head2 Search for entries by auto-type window association
2034 my $window_title = 'WayneCorp - Mozilla Firefox';
2036 my $entries = $kdbx->entries(auto_type => 1)
2038 my ($ata) = grep { $_->{window} =~ /\Q$window_title\E/i } @{$_->auto_type_associations};
2039 return [$_, $ata->{keystroke_sequence}] if $ata;
2042 my ($entry, $keys) = @$_;
2043 say 'Entry title: ', $entry->title, ', key sequence: ', $keys;
2048 Entry title: WayneCorp, key sequence: {PASSWORD}{ENTER}
2050 =head2 Remove entries from a database
2053 ->grep(notes => {'=~' => qr/too old/i})
2054 ->each(sub { $_->recycle });
2056 Recycle all entries with the string "too old" appearing in the B<Notes> string.
2058 =head2 Remove empty groups
2060 $kdbx->groups(algorithm => 'dfs')
2061 ->where(-true => 'is_empty')
2064 With the search/iteration C<algorithm> set to "dfs", groups will be ordered deepest first and the root group
2065 will be last. This allows removing groups that only contain empty groups.
2067 This can also be done with one call to L</remove_empty_groups>.
2071 One of the biggest threats to your database security is how easily the encryption key can be brute-forced.
2072 Strong brute-force protection depends on:
2075 * Using unguessable passwords, passphrases and key files.
2076 * Using a brute-force resistent key derivation function.
2078 The first factor is up to you. This module does not enforce strong master keys. It is up to you to pick or
2079 generate strong keys.
2081 The KDBX format allows for the key derivation function to be tuned. The idea is that you want each single
2082 brute-force attempt to be expensive (in terms of time, CPU usage or memory usage), so that making a lot of
2083 attempts (which would be required if you have a strong master key) gets I<really> expensive.
2085 How expensive you want to make each attempt is up to you and can depend on the application.
2087 This and other KDBX-related security issues are covered here more in depth:
2088 L<https://keepass.info/help/base/security.html>
2090 Here are other security risks you should be thinking about:
2094 This distribution uses the excellent L<CryptX> and L<Crypt::Argon2> packages to handle all crypto-related
2095 functions. As such, a lot of the security depends on the quality of these dependencies. Fortunately these
2096 modules are maintained and appear to have good track records.
2098 The KDBX format has evolved over time to incorporate improved security practices and cryptographic functions.
2099 This package uses the following functions for authentication, hashing, encryption and random number
2105 * Argon2d & Argon2id
2110 * Salsa20 & ChaCha20
2113 At the time of this writing, I am not aware of any successful attacks against any of these functions. These
2114 are among the most-analyzed and widely-adopted crypto functions available.
2116 The KDBX format allows the body cipher and key derivation function to be configured. If a flaw is discovered
2117 in one of these functions, you can hopefully just switch to a better function without needing to update this
2118 software. A later software release may phase out the use of any functions which are no longer secure.
2120 =head2 Memory Protection
2122 It is not a good idea to keep secret information unencrypted in system memory for longer than is needed. The
2123 address space of your program can generally be read by a user with elevated privileges on the system. If your
2124 system is memory-constrained or goes into a hibernation mode, the contents of your address space could be
2125 written to a disk where it might be persisted for long time.
2127 There might be system-level things you can do to reduce your risk, like using swap encryption and limiting
2128 system access to your program's address space while your program is running.
2130 B<File::KDBX> helps minimize (but not eliminate) risk by keeping secrets encrypted in memory until accessed
2131 and zeroing out memory that holds secrets after they're no longer needed, but it's not a silver bullet.
2133 For one thing, the encryption key is stored in the same address space. If core is dumped, the encryption key
2134 is available to be found out. But at least there is the chance that the encryption key and the encrypted
2135 secrets won't both be paged out together while memory-constrained.
2137 Another problem is that some perls (somewhat notoriously) copy around memory behind the scenes willy nilly,
2138 and it's difficult know when perl makes a copy of a secret in order to be able to zero it out later. It might
2139 be impossible. The good news is that perls with SvPV copy-on-write (enabled by default beginning with perl
2140 5.20) are much better in this regard. With COW, it's mostly possible to know what operations will cause perl
2141 to copy the memory of a scalar string, and the number of copies will be significantly reduced. There is a unit
2142 test named F<t/memory-protection.t> in this distribution that can be run on POSIX systems to determine how
2143 well B<File::KDBX> memory protection is working.
2145 Memory protection also depends on how your application handles secrets. If your app code is handling scalar
2146 strings with secret information, it's up to you to make sure its memory is zeroed out when no longer needed.
2147 L<File::KDBX::Util/erase> et al. provide some tools to help accomplish this. Or if you're not too concerned
2148 about the risks memory protection is meant to mitigate, then maybe don't worry about it. The security policy
2149 of B<File::KDBX> is to try hard to keep secrets protected while in memory so that your app might claim a high
2150 level of security, in case you care about that.
2152 There are some memory protection strategies that B<File::KDBX> does NOT use today but could in the future:
2154 Many systems allow programs to mark unswappable pages. Secret information should ideally be stored in such
2155 pages. You could potentially use L<mlockall(2)> (or equivalent for your system) in your own application to
2156 prevent the entire address space from being swapped.
2158 Some systems provide special syscalls for storing secrets in memory while keeping the encryption key outside
2159 of the program's address space, like C<CryptProtectMemory> for Windows. This could be a good option, though
2160 unfortunately not portable.
2164 To find things in a KDBX database, you should use a filtered iterator. If you have an iterator, such as
2165 returned by L</entries>, L</groups> or even L</objects> you can filter it using L<File::KDBX::Iterator/where>.
2167 my $filtered_entries = $kdbx->entries->where(\&query);
2169 A C<\&query> is just a subroutine that you can either write yourself or have generated for you from either
2170 a L</"Simple Expression"> or L</"Declarative Syntax">. It's easier to have your query generated, so I'll cover
2173 =head2 Simple Expression
2175 A simple expression is mostly compatible with the KeePass 2 implementation
2176 L<described here|https://keepass.info/help/base/search.html#mode_se>.
2178 An expression is a string with one or more space-separated terms. Terms with spaces can be enclosed in double
2179 quotes. Terms are negated if they are prefixed with a minus sign. A record must match every term on at least
2180 one of the given fields.
2182 So a simple expression is something like what you might type into a search engine. You can generate a simple
2183 expression query using L<File::KDBX::Util/simple_expression_query> or by passing the simple expression as
2184 a B<scalar reference> to C<where>.
2186 To search for all entries in a database with the word "canyon" appearing anywhere in the title:
2188 my $entries = $kdbx->entries->where(\'canyon', qw[title]);
2190 Notice the first argument is a B<scalarref>. This disambiguates a simple expression from other types of
2191 queries covered below.
2193 As mentioned, a simple expression can have multiple terms. This simple expression query matches any entry that
2194 has the words "red" B<and> "canyon" anywhere in the title:
2196 my $entries = $kdbx->entries->where(\'red canyon', qw[title]);
2198 Each term in the simple expression must be found for an entry to match.
2200 To search for entries with "red" in the title but B<not> "canyon", just prepend "canyon" with a minus sign:
2202 my $entries = $kdbx->entries->where(\'red -canyon', qw[title]);
2204 To search over multiple fields simultaneously, just list them all. To search for entries with "grocery" (but
2205 not "Foodland") in the title or notes:
2207 my $entries = $kdbx->entries->where(\'grocery -Foodland', qw[title notes]);
2209 The default operator is a case-insensitive regexp match, which is fine for searching text loosely. You can use
2210 just about any binary comparison operator that perl supports. To specify an operator, list it after the simple
2211 expression. For example, to search for any entry that has been used at least five times:
2213 my $entries = $kdbx->entries->where(\5, '>=', qw[usage_count]);
2215 It helps to read it right-to-left, like "usage_count is greater than or equal to 5".
2217 If you find the disambiguating structures to be distracting or confusing, you can also use the
2218 L<File::KDBX::Util/simple_expression_query> function as a more intuitive alternative. The following example is
2219 equivalent to the previous:
2221 my $entries = $kdbx->entries->where(simple_expression_query(5, '>=', qw[usage_count]));
2223 =head2 Declarative Syntax
2225 Structuring a declarative query is similar to L<SQL::Abstract/"WHERE CLAUSES">, but you don't have to be
2226 familiar with that module. Just learn by examples here.
2228 To search for all entries in a database titled "My Bank":
2230 my $entries = $kdbx->entries->where({ title => 'My Bank' });
2232 The query here is C<< { title => 'My Bank' } >>. A hashref can contain key-value pairs where the key is an
2233 attribute of the thing being searched for (in this case an entry) and the value is what you want the thing's
2234 attribute to be to consider it a match. In this case, the attribute we're using as our match criteria is
2235 L<File::KDBX::Entry/title>, a text field. If an entry has its title attribute equal to "My Bank", it's
2238 A hashref can contain multiple attributes. The search candidate will be a match if I<all> of the specified
2239 attributes are equal to their respective values. For example, to search for all entries with a particular URL
2242 my $entries = $kdbx->entries->where({
2243 url => 'https://example.com',
2247 To search for entries matching I<any> criteria, just change the hashref to an arrayref. To search for entries
2248 with a particular URL B<OR> username:
2250 my $entries = $kdbx->entries->where([ # <-- Notice the square bracket
2251 url => 'https://example.com',
2255 You can use different operators to test different types of attributes. The L<File::KDBX::Entry/icon_id>
2256 attribute is a number, so we should use a number comparison operator. To find entries using the smartphone
2259 my $entries = $kdbx->entries->where({
2260 icon_id => { '==', ICON_SMARTPHONE },
2263 Note: L<File::KDBX::Constants/ICON_SMARTPHONE> is just a constant from L<File::KDBX::Constants>. It isn't
2264 special to this example or to queries generally. We could have just used a literal number.
2266 The important thing to notice here is how we wrapped the condition in another hashref with a single key-value
2267 pair where the key is the name of an operator and the value is the thing to match against. The supported
2271 * C<eq> - String equal
2272 * C<ne> - String not equal
2273 * C<lt> - String less than
2274 * C<gt> - String greater than
2275 * C<le> - String less than or equal
2276 * C<ge> - String greater than or equal
2277 * C<==> - Number equal
2278 * C<!=> - Number not equal
2279 * C<< < >> - Number less than
2280 * C<< > >> - Number greater than
2281 * C<< <= >> - Number less than or equal
2282 * C<< >= >> - Number less than or equal
2283 * C<=~> - String match regular expression
2284 * C<!~> - String does not match regular expression
2285 * C<!> - Boolean false
2286 * C<!!> - Boolean true
2288 Other special operators:
2291 * C<-true> - Boolean true
2292 * C<-false> - Boolean false
2293 * C<-not> - Boolean false (alias for C<-false>)
2294 * C<-defined> - Is defined
2295 * C<-undef> - Is not defined
2296 * C<-empty> - Is empty
2297 * C<-nonempty> - Is not empty
2298 * C<-or> - Logical or
2299 * C<-and> - Logical and
2301 Let's see another example using an explicit operator. To find all groups except one in particular (identified
2302 by its L<File::KDBX::Group/uuid>), we can use the C<ne> (string not equal) operator:
2304 my $groups = $kdbx->groups->where(
2306 'ne' => uuid('596f7520-6172-6520-7370-656369616c2e'),
2310 Note: L<File::KDBX::Util/uuid> is a little utility function to convert a UUID in its pretty form into bytes.
2311 This utility function isn't special to this example or to queries generally. It could have been written with
2312 a literal such as C<"\x59\x6f\x75\x20\x61...">, but that's harder to read.
2314 Notice we searched for groups this time. Finding groups works exactly the same as it does for entries.
2316 Notice also that we didn't wrap the query in hashref curly-braces or arrayref square-braces. Those are
2317 optional. By default it will only match ALL attributes (as if there were curly-braces).
2319 Testing the truthiness of an attribute is a little bit different because it isn't a binary operation. To find
2320 all entries with the password quality check disabled:
2322 my $entries = $kdbx->entries->where('!' => 'quality_check');
2324 This time the string after the operator is the attribute name rather than a value to compare the attribute
2325 against. To test that a boolean value is true, use the C<!!> operator (or C<-true> if C<!!> seems a little too
2326 weird for your taste):
2328 my $entries = $kdbx->entries->where('!!' => 'quality_check');
2329 my $entries = $kdbx->entries->where(-true => 'quality_check'); # same thing
2331 Yes, there is also a C<-false> and a C<-not> if you prefer one of those over C<!>. C<-false> and C<-not>
2332 (along with C<-true>) are also special in that you can use them to invert the logic of a subquery. These are
2333 logically equivalent:
2335 my $entries = $kdbx->entries->where(-not => { title => 'My Bank' });
2336 my $entries = $kdbx->entries->where(title => { 'ne' => 'My Bank' });
2338 These special operators become more useful when combined with two more special operators: C<-and> and C<-or>.
2339 With these, it is possible to construct more interesting queries with groups of logic. For example:
2341 my $entries = $kdbx->entries->where({
2342 title => { '=~', qr/bank/ },
2345 notes => { '=~', qr/business/ },
2346 icon_id => { '==', ICON_TRASHCAN_FULL },
2351 In English, find entries where the word "bank" appears anywhere in the title but also do not have either the
2352 word "business" in the notes or are using the full trashcan icon.
2354 =head2 Subroutine Query
2356 Lastly, as mentioned at the top, you can ignore all this and write your own subroutine. Your subroutine will
2357 be called once for each object being searched over. The subroutine should match the candidate against whatever
2358 criteria you want and return true if it matches or false to skip. To do this, just pass your subroutine
2359 coderef to C<where>.
2361 To review the different types of queries, these are all equivalent to find all entries in the database titled
2364 my $entries = $kdbx->entries->where(\'"My Bank"', 'eq', qw[title]); # simple expression
2365 my $entries = $kdbx->entries->where(title => 'My Bank'); # declarative syntax
2366 my $entries = $kdbx->entries->where(sub { $_->title eq 'My Bank' }); # subroutine query
2368 This is a trivial example, but of course your subroutine can be arbitrarily complex.
2370 All of these query mechanisms described in this section are just tools, each with its own set of limitations.
2371 If the tools are getting in your way, you can of course iterate over the contents of a database and implement
2372 your own query logic, like this:
2374 my $entries = $kdbx->entries;
2375 while (my $entry = $entries->next) {
2376 if (wanted($entry)) {
2377 do_something($entry);
2386 Iterators are the built-in way to navigate or walk the database tree. You get an iterator from L</entries>,
2387 L</groups> and L</objects>. You can specify the search algorithm to iterate over objects in different orders
2388 using the C<algorithm> option, which can be one of these L<constants|File::KDBX::Constants/":iteration">:
2391 * C<ITERATION_IDS> - Iterative deepening search (default)
2392 * C<ITERATION_DFS> - Depth-first search
2393 * C<ITERATION_BFS> - Breadth-first search
2395 When iterating over objects generically, groups always precede their direct entries (if any). When the
2396 C<history> option is used, current entries always precede historical entries.
2398 If you have a database tree like this:
2410 * IDS order of groups is: Root, Group1, Group2, Group3
2411 * IDS order of entries is: EntryA, EntryB, EntryC
2412 * IDS order of objects is: Root, Group1, EntryA, Group2, EntryB, Group3, EntryC
2413 * DFS order of groups is: Group2, Group1, Group3, Root
2414 * DFS order of entries is: EntryB, EntryA, EntryC
2415 * DFS order of objects is: Group2, EntryB, Group1, EntryA, Group3, EntryC, Root
2416 * BFS order of groups is: Root, Group1, Group3, Group2
2417 * BFS order of entries is: EntryA, EntryC, EntryB
2418 * BFS order of objects is: Root, Group1, EntryA, Group3, EntryC, Group2, EntryB
2420 =head1 SYNCHRONIZING
2422 B<TODO> - This is a planned feature, not yet implemented.
2426 Errors in this package are constructed as L<File::KDBX::Error> objects and propagated using perl's built-in
2427 mechanisms. Fatal errors are propagated using L<perlfunc/"die LIST"> and non-fatal errors (a.k.a. warnings)
2428 are propagated using L<perlfunc/"warn LIST"> while adhering to perl's L<warnings> system. If you're already
2429 familiar with these mechanisms, you can skip this section.
2431 You can catch fatal errors using L<perlfunc/"eval BLOCK"> (or something like L<Try::Tiny>) and non-fatal
2432 errors using C<$SIG{__WARN__}> (see L<perlvar/%SIG>). Examples:
2434 use File::KDBX::Error qw(error);
2436 my $key = ''; # uh oh
2438 $kdbx->load_file('whatever.kdbx', $key);
2440 if (my $error = error($@)) {
2441 handle_missing_key($error) if $error->type eq 'key.missing';
2445 or using C<Try::Tiny>:
2448 $kdbx->load_file('whatever.kdbx', $key);
2454 Catching non-fatal errors:
2457 local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub { push @warnings, $_[0] };
2459 $kdbx->load_file('whatever.kdbx', $key);
2461 handle_warnings(@warnings) if @warnings;
2463 By default perl prints warnings to C<STDERR> if you don't catch them. If you don't want to catch them and also
2464 don't want them printed to C<STDERR>, you can suppress them lexically (perl v5.28 or higher required):
2467 no warnings 'File::KDBX';
2474 local $File::KDBX::WARNINGS = 0;
2478 or globally in your program:
2480 $File::KDBX::WARNINGS = 0;
2482 You cannot suppress fatal errors, and if you don't catch them your program will exit.
2486 This software will alter its behavior depending on the value of certain environment variables:
2489 * C<PERL_FILE_KDBX_XS> - Do not use L<File::KDBX::XS> if false (default: true)
2490 * C<PERL_ONLY> - Do not use L<File::KDBX::XS> if true (default: false)
2491 * C<NO_FORK> - Do not fork if true (default: false)
2496 * L<KeePass Password Safe|https://keepass.info/> - The original KeePass
2497 * L<KeePassXC|https://keepassxc.org/> - Cross-Platform Password Manager written in C++
2498 * L<File::KeePass> has overlapping functionality. It's good but has a backlog of some pretty critical bugs and
2499 lacks support for newer KDBX features.
2505 [![Linux](https://github.com/chazmcgarvey/File-KDBX/actions/workflows/linux.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/chazmcgarvey/File-KDBX/actions/workflows/linux.yml)
2506 [![macOS](https://github.com/chazmcgarvey/File-KDBX/actions/workflows/macos.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/chazmcgarvey/File-KDBX/actions/workflows/macos.yml)
2507 [![Windows](https://github.com/chazmcgarvey/File-KDBX/actions/workflows/windows.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/chazmcgarvey/File-KDBX/actions/workflows/windows.yml)
2513 <a title="Linux" href="https://github.com/chazmcgarvey/File-KDBX/actions/workflows/linux.yml"><img src="https://github.com/chazmcgarvey/File-KDBX/actions/workflows/linux.yml/badge.svg"></a>
2514 <a title="macOS" href="https://github.com/chazmcgarvey/File-KDBX/actions/workflows/macos.yml"><img src="https://github.com/chazmcgarvey/File-KDBX/actions/workflows/macos.yml/badge.svg"></a>
2515 <a title="Windows" href="https://github.com/chazmcgarvey/File-KDBX/actions/workflows/windows.yml"><img src="https://github.com/chazmcgarvey/File-KDBX/actions/workflows/windows.yml/badge.svg"></a>