1 GNU tar NEWS - User visible changes.
2 Copyright (C) 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004
3 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 See the end for copying conditions.
6 Please send GNU tar bug reports to <bug-tar@gnu.org>
8 version 1.14.91 - Sergey Poznyakoff, <DATE>
10 * When restoring incremental dumps, --one-file-system option
11 prevents directory hierarchies residing on different devices
14 With the previous versions of tar it was dangerous to create
15 incremental dumps with --one-file-system option, since they
16 would recursively remove mount points when restoring from the
17 back up. This change fixes the bug.
19 * Renamed --strip-path to --strip-components for consistency with
22 * Skipping archive members is sped up if the archive media supports
25 * Restore script starts restoring only if it is given --all (-a) option,
26 or some patterns. This is to prevent accidental restores.
28 * `tar --verify' prints a warning if during archive creation some of
29 the file names had their prefixes stripped off.
31 * New option --exclude-caches instructs tar to exclude cache directories
32 automatically on archive creation. Cache directories are those
33 containing a standardized tag file, as specified at:
35 http://www.brynosaurus.com/cachedir/spec.html
37 * New configure option --with-rmt allows to specify full path name to
38 the `rmt' utility. This supercedes DEFAULT_RMT_COMMAND variable
39 introduced in version 1.14
41 * New configure variable DEFAULT_RMT_DIR allows to specify the directory
42 where to install `rmt' utility. This is necessary since modifying
43 --libexecdir as was suggested for version 1.14 produced a side effect: it
44 also modified installation prefix for backup scripts (if
45 --enable-backup-scripts was given).
48 ** Fixed flow in recognizing files to be included in incremental dumps.
49 ** Correctly recognize sparse archive members when used with -T option.
50 ** GNU multivolume headers cannot store filenames longer than 100 characters.
51 Do not allow multivolume archives to begin with such filenames.
52 ** If a member with link count > 2 was stored in the archive twice,
53 previous versions of tar were not able to extract it, since they
54 were trying to link the file to itself, which always failed and
55 lead to removing the already extracted copy. Preserve the first
56 extracted copy in such cases.
57 ** Restore script was passing improper argument to tar --listed option.
58 ** Fixed verification of the created archives.
59 ** Fixed unquoting of the file names containing backslash escapes (previous
60 versions failed to recognize \a and \v).
63 version 1.14 - Sergey Poznyakoff, 2004-05-11
65 * Added support for POSIX.1-2001 and ustar archive formats.
66 * New option --format allows to select the output archive format
67 * The default output format can be selected at configuration time
68 by presetting the environment variable DEFAULT_ARCHIVE_FORMAT.
69 Allowed values are GNU, V7, OLDGNU and POSIX.
70 * New option --strip-path allows to cut off a given number of
71 path elements from the name of the file being extracted.
73 * New options --index-file, --no-overwrite-dir. The --overwrite-dir
74 option is now the default; use --no-overwrite-dir if you prefer
75 the previous default behavior.
77 * The semantics of -o option is changed. When extracting, it
78 does the same as --no-same-owner GNU tar option. This is compatible
79 with UNIX98 tar. Otherwise, its effect is the same as that of
80 --old-archive option. This latter is deprecated and will be removed
83 * New option --check-links prints a message if not all links are dumped
84 for a file being archived. This corresponds to the UNIX98 -l option.
85 The current semantics of the -l option is retained for compatibility
86 with previous releases, however such usage is strongly deprecated as
87 the option will change to its UNIX98 semantics in the future releases.
89 * New option --occurrence[=N] can be used in conjunction with one of
90 the subcommands --delete, --diff, --extract or --list when a list of
91 files is given either on the command line or via -T option. This
92 option instructs tar to process only the Nth occurrence of each named
93 file. N defaults to 1, so `tar -x -f archive --occurrence filename'
94 extracts the first occurrence of `filename' from `archive'
95 and terminates without scanning to the end of the archive.
97 * New option --pax-option allows to control the handling of POSIX
98 keywords in `pax' extended headers. It is equivalent to `pax'
101 * --incremental and --listed-incremental options work correctly on
102 individual files, as well as on directories.
104 * New scripts: backup (replaces old level-0 and level-1) and restore.
105 The scripts are compiled and installed if --enable-backup-scripts
106 option is given to configure.
108 * By default tar searches "rmt" utility in "$prefix/libexec/rmt",
109 which is consistent with the location where the version of "rmt"
110 included in the package is installed. Previous versions of tar
111 used "/etc/rmt". To install "rmt" to its traditional location,
112 run configure with option --libexecdir=/etc. Otherwise, if you
113 already have rmt installed and wish to use it, instead of the
114 shipped in version, set the variable DEFAULT_RMT_COMMAND to
115 the full path name of the utility, e.g. ./configure
116 DEFAULT_RMT_COMMAND=/etc/rmt.
118 Notice also that the full path name of the "rmt" utility to
119 use can be set at runtime, by giving option --rmt-command to
122 * Removed obsolete command line options:
123 ** --absolute-paths superseded by --absolute-names
124 ** --block-compress is not needed any longer
125 ** --block-size superseded by --blocking-factor
126 ** --modification-time superseded by --touch
127 ** --read-full-blocks superseded by --read-full-records
128 ** --record-number superseded by --block-number
129 ** --version-control superseded by --backup
131 * New message translations fi (Finnish), gl (Galician), hr (Croatian),
132 hu (Hungarian), ms (Malaysian), nb (Norwegian), ro (Romanian), sk
133 (Slovak), zh_CN (Chinese simplified), zh_TW (Chinese traditional).
134 The code 'no' for Norwegian (Bokmål) has been withdrawn; use 'nb' instead.
139 version 1.13.25 - Paul Eggert, 2001-09-26
144 version 1.13.24 - Paul Eggert, 2001-09-22
146 * New option --overwrite-dir.
147 * Fixes for buffer overrun, porting, and copyright notice problems.
148 * The message translations for Korean are available again.
151 version 1.13.23 - Paul Eggert, 2001-09-13
153 * Bug, porting, and copyright notice fixes.
156 version 1.13.22 - Paul Eggert, 2001-08-29
161 version 1.13.21 - Paul Eggert, 2001-08-28
163 * Porting and copyright notice fixes.
166 version 1.13.20 - Paul Eggert, 2001-08-27
168 * Some bugs were fixed:
170 - hard links to symbolic links
172 * New option --recursion (the default) that is the inverse of --no-recursion.
174 * New options --anchored, --ignore-case, --wildcards,
175 --wildcards-match-slash, and their negations (e.g., --no-anchored).
176 Along with --recursion and --no-recursion, these options control how
177 exclude patterns are interpreted.
179 * The default interpretation of exclude patterns is now --no-anchored
180 --no-ignore-case --recursion --wildcards --wildcards-match-slash.
181 This is a quiet change to the semantics of --exclude. The previous
182 semantics were a failed attempt at backward compatibility but it
183 became clear that the semantics were puzzling and did not satisfy
184 everybody. Rather than continue to try to revive that dead horse we
185 thought it better to substitute cleaner semantics, with options so
186 that you can change the behavior more to your liking.
188 * New message translations for Indonesian and Turkish.
189 The translation for Korean has been withdrawn due to encoding errors.
190 It will be reissued once those are fixed.
193 version 1.13.19 - Paul Eggert, 2001-01-13
195 * The -I option has been withdrawn, as it was buggy and confusing.
196 Eventually it is planned to be reintroduced, with the same meaning as -T.
198 * With an option like -N DATE, if DATE starts with "/" or ".", it is taken
199 to be a file name; the last-modified time of that file is used as the date.
202 version 1.13.18 - Paul Eggert, 2000-10-29
204 * Some security problems have been fixed. `tar -x' now modifies only
205 files under the working directory, unless you also specify an unsafe
206 option like --absolute-names or --overwrite.
208 * The short name of the --bzip option has been changed to -j,
209 and -I is now an alias for -T, for compatibility with Solaris tar.
211 * The manual is now distributed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
213 * The new environment variable TAR_OPTIONS holds default command-line options.
215 * The --no-recursion option now affects extraction too.
217 * The wording in some diagnostics has been changed slightly.
219 * Snapshot files now record whether each file was accessed via NFS.
220 The new file format is upward- and downward-compatible with the old.
222 * New language supported: da.
224 * Compilation by traditional (K&R) C compilers is no longer supported.
225 If you still use such a compiler, please use GCC instead.
227 * This version of tar works best with GNU gzip test version 1.3 or later.
228 Please see <ftp://alpha.gnu.org/gnu/gzip/>.
230 * `tar --delete -f -' now works again.
233 version 1.13.17 - Paul Eggert, 2000-01-07.
235 * `tar --delete -f -' is no longer allowed; it was too buggy.
236 * Diagnostic messages have been made more regular and consistent.
239 version 1.13.16 - Paul Eggert, 1999-12-13.
241 * By default, tar now refuses to overwrite an existing file when
242 extracting files from an archive; instead, it removes the file
243 before extracting it. If the existing file is a symbolic link, the
244 link is removed and not the pointed-to file. There is one
245 exception: existing nonempty directories are not removed, nor are
246 their ownerships or permissions extracted. This fixes some
247 longstanding security problems.
249 The new --overwrite option enables the old default behavior.
251 For regular files, tar implements this change by using the O_EXCL
252 option of `open' to ensure that it creates the file; if this fails, it
253 removes the file and tries again. This is similar to the behavior of
254 the --unlink-first option, but it is faster in the common case of
255 extracting a new directory.
257 * By default, tar now ignores file names containing a component of `..'
258 when extracting, and warns about such file names when creating an archive.
259 To enable the old behavior, use the -P or --absolute-names option.
261 * Tar now handles file names with multibyte encodings (e.g. UTF-8, Shift-JIS)
262 correctly. It relies on the mbrtowc function to handle multibyte characters.
264 * The file generated by -g or --listed-incremental now uses a format
265 that is independent of locale, so that users need not worry about
266 locale when restoring a backup. This is needed for proper support
267 of multibyte characters. Old-format files can still be read, and
268 older versions of GNU tar can read new-format files, unless member
269 names have multibyte chars.
271 * Many diagnostics have been changed slightly, so that file names are
272 now output unambiguously. File names in diagnostics now are either
273 `quoted like this' (in the default C locale) or are followed by
274 colon, newline, or space, depending on context. Unprintable
275 characters are escaped with a C-like backslash conventions.
276 Terminating characters (e.g. close-quote, colon, newline)
277 are also escaped as needed.
279 * tar now ignores socket files when creating an archive.
280 Previously tar archived sockets as fifos, which caused problems.
283 version 1.13.15 - Paul Eggert, 1999-12-03.
285 * If a file's ctime changes when being archived, report an error.
286 Previously tar looked at mtime, which missed some errors.
289 version 1.13.14 - Paul Eggert, 1999-11-07.
291 * New translations ja, pt_BR.
292 * New options --help and --version for rmt.
293 * Ignore Solaris door files when creating an archive.
296 version 1.13.13 - Paul Eggert, 1999-10-11.
298 * Invalid headers in tar files now elicit errors, not just warnings.
299 * `tar --version' output conforms to the latest GNU coding standards.
300 * If you specify an invalid date, `tar' now substitutes (time_t) -1.
301 * `configure --with-dmalloc' is no longer available.
304 version 1.13.12 - Paul Eggert, 1999-09-24.
306 * `tar' now supports hard links to symbolic links.
308 * New options --no-same-owner, --no-same-permissions.
310 * --total now also outputs a human-readable size, and a throughput value.
312 * `tar' now uses two's-complement base-256 when outputting header
313 values that are out of the range of the standard unsigned base-8
314 format. This affects archive members with negative or huge time
315 stamps or uids, and archive members 8 GB or larger. The new tar
316 archives cannot be read by traditional tar, or by older versions of
317 GNU tar. Use the --old-archive option to revert to the old
318 behavior, which uses unportable representations for negative values,
319 and which rejects large files.
321 * On 32-bit hosts, `tar' now assumes that an incoming time stamp T in
322 the range 2**31 <= T < 2**32 represents the negative time (T -
323 2**32). This behavior is nonstandard and is not portable to 64-bit
324 time_t hosts, so `tar' issues a warning.
326 * `tar' no longer gives up extracting immediately upon discovering
327 that an archive contains garbage at the end. It attempts to extract
328 as many files as possible from the good data before the garbage.
330 * A read error now causes a nonzero exit status, not just a warning.
332 * Some diagnostics have been reworded for consistency.
335 version 1.13.11 - Paul Eggert, 1999-08-23.
337 * The short name of the --bzip option has been changed to -I,
338 for compatibility with paxutils.
340 * -T /dev/null now matches nothing; previously, it matched anything
341 if no explicit operands were given.
343 * The `--' option now works the same as with other GNU utilities;
344 it causes later operands to be interpreted as file names, not options,
345 even if they begin with `-'.
347 * For the --newer and --after-date options, the table of time zone
348 abbreviations like `EST' has been updated to match current practice.
349 Also, local time abbreviations are now recognized, even if they are
350 not in tar's hardwired table. Remember, though, that you should use
351 numeric UTC offsets like `-0500' instead of abbreviations like
352 `EST', as abbreviations are not standardized and are ambiguous.
355 version 1.13.10 - Paul Eggert, 1999-08-20.
357 * `tar' now uses signed base-64 when outputting header values that are
358 out of the range of the standard unsigned base-8 format. [This
359 change was superseded in 1.13.12, described above.]
362 version 1.13.9 - Paul Eggert, 1999-08-18.
364 * `tar' now writes two zero blocks at end-of-archive instead of just one.
365 POSIX.1 requires this, and some other `tar' implementations check for it.
367 * `tar' no longer silently accepts a block containing nonzero checksum bytes
370 * `tar' now reads buggy tar files that have a null byte at the start of a
371 numeric header field.
374 version 1.13.8 - Paul Eggert, 1999-08-16.
376 * For compatibility with traditional `tar', intermediate directories
377 created automatically by root are no longer given the uid and gid of
378 the original file or directory.
381 version 1.13.7 - Paul Eggert, 1999-08-14.
383 * --listed-incremental and --newer are now incompatible options.
385 * When creating an archive, leading `./' is no longer stripped,
386 to match traditional tar's behavior (and simplify the documentation).
388 * --diff without --absolute-names no longer falls back on absolute names.
391 version 1.13.6 - Paul Eggert, 1999-08-11.
393 * An --exclude pattern containing / now excludes a file only if it matches an
394 initial prefix of the file name; a pattern without / continues to
395 exclude a file if it matches any file name component.
397 * The protocol for talking to rmt has been extended slightly.
398 Open flags are now communicated in symbolic format as well as numeric.
399 The symbolic format (e.g. "O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC") is for portability
400 when rmt is operating on a different operating system from tar.
401 The numeric format is retained, and rmt uses it if symbolic format is absent,
402 for backward compatibility with older versions of tar and rmt.
404 * When writing GNU tar format headers, tar now uses signed base-64
405 for values that cannot be represented in unsigned octal.
406 This supports larger files (2**66 - 1 bytes instead of 2**33 - 1 bytes),
407 larger uids, negative time stamps, etc.
409 * When extracting files with unknown ownership, tar now looks up the
410 uid and gid "nobody" on hosts whose headers do not define UID_NOBODY
411 and GID_NOBODY, and falls back on uid/gid -2 if there is no "nobody".
413 * tar -t --numeric-owner now prints numeric uids and gids, not symbolic.
415 * New option -y or --bzip2 for bzip2 compression, by popular request.
418 version 1.13.5 - Paul Eggert, 1999-07-20.
420 * Do the delayed updates of file metadata even after a fatal error.
423 version 1.13.4 - Paul Eggert, 1999-07-20.
425 * Do not chmod unless we are root or the -p option was given;
426 this matches historical practice.
429 version 1.13.3 - Paul Eggert, 1999-07-16.
431 * A path name is excluded if any of its file name components matches an
432 excluded pattern, even if the path name was specified on the command line.
433 Also see 1.13.6 for later changes in this area.
436 version 1.13.2 - Paul Eggert, 1999-07-14.
438 * Bug reporting address changed to <bug-tar@gnu.org>.
441 version 1.13.1 - Paul Eggert, 1999-07-12.
445 version 1.13 - Paul Eggert, 1999-07-08.
447 * Support for large files, e.g. files larger than 2 GB on many 32-bit hosts.
448 Also, support for larger uids, device ids, etc.
449 * Many bug fixes and porting fixes.
450 * This release is only for fixes. A more ambitious test release,
451 with new features, is available as part of the paxutils. Please see:
452 ftp://alpha.gnu.org/gnu/paxutils/
453 The fixes in this release are intended to be merged with paxutils
454 at some point, but they haven't been merged yet.
455 * An interim GNU tar alpha had new --bzip2 and --ending-file options,
456 but they have been removed to maintain compatibility with paxutils.
457 Please try --use=bzip2 instead of --bzip2.
459 Version 1.12 - François Pinard, 1997-04.
462 * Use shell globbing patterns for --label, instead of regular expressions.
463 * Do not quote anymore internally over the quoting done by the shell.
466 * Offer internationalization capabilities of most recent GNU gettext.
467 * Messages available in many more languages, thanks to all translators!
468 * Usage of ISO 8601 dates in listings, instead of local American dates.
469 * More normalization and cleanup in error messages.
472 * For helping using tar with find, offer a --no-recursion option.
473 * Implement --numeric-owner for ignoring symbolic names at create time.
474 * New --owner, --group --mode options, still preliminary.
475 * Recognize creating an archive on /dev/null, so Amanda works faster.
476 * Object to the creation of an empty archive (like in `tar cf FILE').
477 * Barely start implementing --posix and POSIXLY_CORRECT.
480 * Make a better job at restoring file and directory attributes.
481 * Automatically attempt deleting existing files when in the way.
482 * Option --unlink-first (-U) removes most files prior to extraction.
483 * Option --recursive-unlink removes non-empty directories when in the way.
484 * Option --numeric-owner ignores owner/group names, it uses UID/GID instead.
485 * Use global umask when creating missing intermediate directories.
486 * When symlinks are not available, extract symbolic links as hard links.
487 * Diagnose extraction of contiguous files as regular files.
488 * New --backup, --suffix and --version-control options.
491 * Better support of huge archives with --tape-length and --totals.
492 * Rename option --read-full-blocks (-B) to --read-full-records (-B).
493 * Rename option --block-size (-b) to --blocking-factor (-b).
494 * Rename option --record-number (-R) to --block-number (-R).
495 * With --block-number (-R), report null blocks and end of file.
496 * Implement --record-size for introducing a size in bytes.
497 * Delete --block-compress option and rather decide it automatically.
498 * Rename option --modification-time to --touch.
500 Many bugs are squashed, while others still run free.
502 Version 1.11.8 - François Pinard, 1995-06.
504 * Messages available in French, German, Portuguese and Swedish.
505 * The distribution provides a rudimentary Texinfo manual.
506 * The device defaults to stdin/stdout, unless overridden by the installer.
507 * Option --sparse (-S) should work on more systems.
508 * Option --rsh-command may select an alternative remote shell program.
510 Most changes are internal, and should yield better portability.
512 Version 1.11.2 - Michael Bushnell, 1993-03.
514 * Changes in backup scripts: cleaned up considerably; notices error
515 conditions better over rsh; DUMP_REMIND_SCRIPT is now an option in
516 backup-specs; new file dump-remind is an example of a
519 * Superfluous "Reading dirname" was a bug; fixed.
521 * Incompatibility problems with a bug on Solaris are fixed.
523 * New option --gzip (aliases are --ungzip and -z); calls gzip instead
524 of compress. Also, --use-compress-program lets you specify any
525 compress program. --compress-block is renamed --block-compress and
526 now requires one of the three compression options to be specified.
528 * Several error messages are cleaned up.
530 * Directory owners are now set properly when running as root.
532 * Provide DUMP_REMIND_SCRIPT in backup-specs as a possible option
535 * Behave better with broken rmt servers.
537 * Dump scripts no longer use --atime-preserve; this causes a nasty probem.
539 * Several Makefile cleanups.
541 Version 1.11.1 - Michael Bushnell, 1992-09.
545 Version 1.11 - Michael Bushnell, 1992-09.
546 Version 1.10.16 - 1992-07.
547 Version 1.10.15 - 1992-06.
548 Version 1.10.14 - 1992-05.
549 Version 1.10.13 - 1992-01.
553 * Now uses GNU standard configure, generated by Autoconf.
555 * Long options now use `--'; use of `+' is deprecated and support
556 for it will eventually be removed.
558 * New option --null causes filenames read by -T to be
559 null-terminated, and causes -C to be ignored.
561 * New option --remove-files deletes files (but not directories)
562 after they are added to the archive.
564 * New option --ignore-failed-read prevents read-errors from affecting
567 * New option --checkpoint prints occasional messages as the tape
568 is being read or written.
570 * New option --show-omitted-dirs prints the names of directories
571 omitted from the archive.
573 * Some tape drives which use a non-standard method of indicating
574 end-of-tape now work correctly with multi-tape archives.
576 * --volno-file: Read the volume number used in prompting the user
577 (but not in recording volume ID's on the archive) from a file.
579 * When using --multi-volume, you can now give multiple -f arguments;
580 the various tape drives will get used in sequence and then wrap
581 around to the beginning.
583 * Remote archive names no longer have to be in /dev: any file with a
584 `:' is interpreted as remote. If new option --force-local is given,
585 then even archive files with a `:' are considered local.
587 * New option --atime-preserve restores (if possible) atimes to
588 their original values after dumping the file.
590 * No longer does tar confusingly dump "." when you don't tell it
593 * When extracting directories, tar now correctly restores their
594 modification and access times.
596 * Longnames support is redone differently--long name info directly
597 precedes the long-named file or link in the archive, so you no
598 longer have to wait for the extract to hit the end of the tape for
601 Version 1.10 - Michael Bushnell, 1991-07.
603 * Filename to -G is optional. -C works right. Names +newer and
604 +newer-mtime work right.
606 * -g is now +incremental, -G is now +listed-incremental.
608 * Sparse files now work correctly.
610 * +volume is now called +label.
612 * +exclude now takes a filename argument, and +exclude-from does
613 what +exclude used to do.
615 * Exit status is now correct.
617 * +totals keeps track of total I/O and prints it when tar exits.
619 * When using +label with +extract, the label is now a regexp.
621 * New option +tape-length (-L) does multi-volume handling like BSD
622 dump: you tell tar how big the tape is and it will prompt at that
623 point instead of waiting for a write error.
625 * New backup scripts level-0 and level-1 which might be useful
626 to people. They use a file "backup-specs" for information, and
627 shouldn't need local modification. These are what we use to do
628 all our backups at the FSF.
630 Version 1.09 - Jay Fenlason, 1990-10.
631 Version 1.08 - Jay Fenlason, 1990-01.
632 Versions 1.07 back to 1.00 by Jay Fenlason.
634 * See ChangeLog for more details.
638 Copyright (C) 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003
639 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
641 This file is part of GNU tar.
643 GNU tar is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
644 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
645 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
648 GNU tar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
649 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
650 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
651 GNU General Public License for more details.
653 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
654 along with tar; see the file COPYING. If not, write to
655 the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
656 Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
660 paragraph-separate: "[
\f]*$"